Cultivation of cumin

Cumin is a important spice crop. Its cultivation is very useful.

1. CULTIVATION OF CUMIN SUBMITTED BY Name- Suresh Kumar Sahu

2. CUMIN Scientific Name: Cuminum cyminum Family: Umbelliferae Cumin is an important annual spices crop, it is also known as (jeera) Cumin seed is basically native to the Eygpt and it now grows in countries like India, North Africa, China. In india mainly grown in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and about 70% of world production of cumin is produced in India. It is an important spice manly used in Nepali and Indian kitchens regularly for flavoring various food preparations Cumin seed are the used in various Ayurvedic herbal medicine and also especially for stomach pain, digestion.

3. BOTANY OF CUMIN Habitat terrestrial The height of cumin plant is 20-30 cm Root: cumin plant is tap root system but weak root system which is mostly confined to 10-20cm depth of the soil. Flower color: mostly pink , some times white also Leaf type :the leaves are compound The leaves are simple (long divided and deep green color) Fruit type (general)the fruit is dry but does not split open when ripe Fruit length at least 4 mm The crop is diploid and 2n=14

4. VARIETIES The improved varieties of cumin are listed below: RSK-1 It is grown in north India. TOPLKA - It is high yielding variety, introduced from Bulgaria and resistance to Pseudomonas cumin. NO-1 - It is early variety introduced from Bulgaria. GC-1(Gujarat cumin-1) Released by spices research station GAU, Jagudan , 1988 developed and good quality character3.6% volatile oil, yield 775Kg/ha. MC-43 & VIJAPUR -5 - These are promising variety of Gujarat which bears bold seeds and process good yield potential. MC-43 is tolerant to wilt and blight, yield 580Kg/ha, contains6.3% oil and matures in 115 days. RZ-19(Rajasthan jeera-19) High yielding variety, bold dark grey seeds, medium in maturity(120-130days), requires -7 irrigation, yield -.9q seeds/ha, have oil content of 2.3-3% , tolerant to wilt and blight. RZ-209 It was developed by Rajasthan agricultural University, It is resistance to wilt and blight disease. Others varieties are UC -89, UC -199, UC -208, UC -209, VC-11 and VC-24.

5. SOIL AND CLIMATE Cumin cultivation requires loamy soil with good drainage supplemented with organic matter. Commercial cumin cultivation should select a field in which cumin farming has not been taken up at least during last 3 to 4 years. It is cultivated in mild climatic conditions. Cumin crop does not grow well in humid and heavy rainfall condition Dry and cooler climate is ideal for cumin cultivation. High humidity during flowering and fruiting period there is high risk of diseases. Soil should be brought to fine tillage by one deep ploughing followed by 2-3 light ploughings. Pre –showing irrigation should be given. LAND PREPARATION

6. MANURES AND FERTILIZERS FYM@15-20 tones/ ha may be applied as during the land preparation. (N:P:K)kg/ha 15:20:15 N@15kg/ha should be at 30 days after sowing. SOWING TIME SEED RATE Mid November –mid December 12 -15 kg /ha

7. SOWING METHOD Seeds may be sown either by broadcasting method or in lines. The seeds were sown in lines drawn at distance of 22.5to 25cm. Seed should not be sown more than 1.0 cm depth. The seeds should be covered tightly by soil with the help of iron teeth wakes. IRRIGATION First: light irrigation immediately after sowing . Second :8-10 days after sowing. Third :15-20 days depending upon moisture condition of soil. Avoid irrigation at time of grain filling.

8. WEED MANAGEMENT To facilitate proper growth of crop, the first weeding and hoeing should be done 30-40 days after sowing when the plant attain a height of 4-5 cm. Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @1kg /ha followed by one hand weeding . HARVESTING Crop mature in 80-120 days after sowing depending upon variety and agro -climatic conditions. Harvest the crop when the steam becomes yellow and leaves fall and seeds turn light grayish brown. Harvesting is done by cutting the cumin by plant with sickle. After the sun drying seeds can be separated by light beating with sticks. Yield is about 6-8q/ha depending upon variety.

9. DISEASES Wilt:   Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini Blight:   Alternaria cucumerina Powdery mildew:   Erysiphe polygoni Damping off :   Pythium aphanidermatum INSECT PESTS Aphid:   Myzus persicae , Aphis gossypii, A. craccivora Thrips:  Thrips tabaci