Cultural Revolution

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1. Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution was the greatest educational incident chronicled in the last hundred years
and it took place from 1966 to 1976. Mao Zedong was the leader of the Cultural Revolution and he
wanted to bring about the Cultural Revolution by setting goals to form a more affective bureaucracy.
The Cultural Revolution was a time when Red Guards fought against a democratic society and the
guards attacked an aspect called the "4 olds." The "4 olds" were old ideas, old culture, old customs,
and old habits.
Furthermore, many aspects of life were forbidden or simply done away with during the Cultural
Revolution. Shopkeepers were not allowed to sell clothes that resembled western style clothes and
hairstylists could not give western style ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To stop the cannibalism and the Red Guards activities, work teams were formed. Deng Xiao–Ping, a
general who wanted to stop the Cultural Revolution, sent the work teams into factories,
countrysides, and universities. The work teams were established in 1966. The work teams
strategically placed themselves in areas where suspicious movement needed to be controlled.
Students rebelled against the work teams because the students said that the work teams were
"counterrevolutionary."
Furthermore, life was difficult to survive during the Cultural Revolution. Citizens were murdered or
sent from their nice houses in the city to the countryside to live in horrible states. After the Cultural
Revolution, important Chinese officials such as Deng Xiao–ping began rebuilding China. The
officials set up capital businesses, factories, banking systems, and advertising markets. Land was
distributed to the poor peasants and advanced school systems were created. The reconstruction of
China was a success.
In summary, the Cultural Revolution was an upsetting aspect for all Chinese classes, but some of the
classes fared worse than others. The end of the Cultural Revolution was looked upon favorably by
many citizens, because almost every civilian hated the impact of the Cultural Revolution. During the
Cultural Revolution, many aspects
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3. Chinese Cultural Revolution
The Chinese Cultural Revolution
"A revolution is not a dinner party or writing an essay or painting a picture or doing embroidery; it
cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and
magnanimous"– Mao said in 1927 to a youth activist
The reason for china to trying to become such a new generation was solely the opinion of Mao and
his followers. Mao had seen the way the Russian revolution had gone astray and worried China
would follow in its path. He mad four goals: to rectify China's communists, replace his successors
with one more faithful, provide youth's with a revolutionary experience and achieve policy changes
to make education, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was beyond ridiculous. When the Cultural Revolution was launched in 1966, it did not really have
much effect until January 1967 when he actually began to overthrow the provincial party. What was
he doing in that whole year? Hardly anything; forming his army to kill innocent people who did not
even commit something to be considered a crime. Why were people not afraid of Mao? Why would
they "worship" him if he killed and beat all these people? Simple; he used the red guard.
Chinese Cultural Revolution p 69 Chinese Cultural Revolution p
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5. The Ten Year Cultural Revolution
The ten–year Cultural Revolution, in essence, was a political power struggle inside of the CCP, and
as Mao died on September 9 1976, the Gang of Four was arrested soon on October 10. Since Mao's
successor Hua Guofeng was politically weak, Deng Xiaoping came back to power. Though the new
leaders tried to help China recover from the revolution and rebuild the economic systems, the
influences of the revolution did not vanish quickly. The Party had to deal with the mistakes that Mao
made during the revolution, make the resolution on the revolution, and formulated the new road that
the country should follow. Other than the political struggles that the Party faced, the society also
created troubles. The intellectuals, especially the sent–down youths who illegally came back to
cities, were excited and looking forward to a democratic government, and they again started to
criticize the government and commented on the politics just like their predecessors did in the
Hundred Flowers Campaign. However, this situation did not satisfy Deng, who emphasized that the
correct line for China was to insist the absolute principle of the Party (Meisner, 457), and he then
decided to consolidate his power. In general, though Cultural Revolution ended, the political
struggles that it represented never stopped, and would be continued for years. Meinser points out
that Mao did construct the country and lead its people to reach many striking successes, including
building a modern nation–state,
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7. Essay on cultural revolution
The Cultural Revolution was the greatest educational incident chronicled in the last hundred years
and it took place from 1966 to 1976. Mao Zedong was the leader of the Cultural Revolution and he
wanted to bring about the Cultural Revolution by setting goals to form a more affective bureaucracy.
The Cultural Revolution was a time when Red Guards fought against a democratic society and the
guards attacked an aspect called the "4 olds." The "4 olds" were old ideas,
old culture, old customs, and old habits.
Furthermore, many aspects of life were forbidden or simply done away with during the Cultural
Revolution. Shopkeepers were not allowed to sell clothes that resembled western style clothes and
hairstylists could not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The students attending universities were the first citizens to be affected by the revolution. The
students question methods of teaching and learning, and the students wanted the school to be more
accepting to the society by making peasants and workers feel welcome. Foreign affairs with other
countries were also practically impossible during the Cultural Revolution because of the actions of
the Red Guards. The Red Guards took over China's Foreign Relation's Ministry, and conquered the
former Soviet Union Embassy. Furthermore, these young students invaded and set fire to the British
Embassy. The Red Guards beat up and abused members of the diplomatic corps, and the Red Guards
tore western style apparel off female personnel.
Moreover, the students were the first members of the Red Guards. The Red Guards were
revolutionists who fought against the 4 olds. The Red Guards were pupils from China's colleges and
universities who were denied the ability to succeed academically. Their "supreme
commander" was Mao Zedong, and Maoists called the Red Guards "little revolutionary
generals". The Red Guards went into citizens' houses and threw out upper class and western
style objects. The guards beat civilians up and shaved their heads. The Red Guards were not able to
destroy museums and historic structures, because the buildings were blocked with
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9. Causes Of The Chinese Cultural Revolution
The launch of the Chinese Cultural Revolution in 1966 was due to a culmination of political and
ideological struggles that had divided the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) since the end of the
Great Leap Forward. As said by Che Guevara, "A revolution is not an apple that falls when it is ripe.
You have to make it fall". Che Guevara's statement is accurate to an extent in relation to the causes
of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Although China was vulnerable during the twentieth century
and Mao Tse–Tung, Chairman of the CCP, took control of this susceptibility, the Chinese Cultural
Revolution was already 'ripe', someone just had to provoke it to 'fall'. The Chinese Cultural
Revolution can be considered a power struggle between Mao and his rivals. Mao needed to regain
the control that he had lost after the failure of 'The Great Leap Forward' and the Chinese Cultural
Revolution was a means for him to do so. Mao genuinely believed in an equal society and went
about this belief in a very severe manner. Che Guevara's statement is not entirely accurate as the
Chinese Cultural Revolution was just part of a progression that was taking place and although Mao
provoked it to fall, China was ultimately ripe for a revolution.
Mao had lost power after the failure of the Great Leap Forward, an attempt to modernize China's
economy by developing agriculture and industry which led to the deaths of nearly 13,000 people due
to famine. Mao eventually stood down as Chairman of the People Republic
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11. Mao Zedong And The Cultural Revolution
Cultural Revolution
Mao Zedong rose to power in 1949 founding the People's Republic Of China. His plan the Great
Leap Foward to make China on par with other powerful countries had failed miserably. After the
failure of The Great Leap Forward, Mao Zedong's positioning in the government had weakened. To
regain total control over the government, Mao Zedong launched what was called the Cultural
Revolution. There is no words for how The Cultural Revolution impacted China. This major event is
viewed as China's cruel history because of the terrorism of the Red Guards, the attacks on the old
generation, and the well educated population, and the death of 20 millions people. To this day, Mao
Zedong's legacy still remains.
Under the ruling of Mao ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Red Guards created posters that were hanging in places where it can be seen by the most people
and stated "We pledge, in order to protect the Party Central Committee and our great leader
Chairman Mao, to shed resolutely the last drop of our blood." The posters served as a warning to
any anti–socialist revisionists or enemies of Mao. Many more groups started to appear borrowing
the name of the Red Guards and started to rebel in their own ways. On August 18, around 11 million
Red Guards had came together to listen to Chairman Mao, he praised them and urged them to find
and neutralize revisionists. The Red Guards were given orders to get rid of the old fours, old ideas,
old cultures, old customs, and old habits (China's Cultural Revolution Begins: May 1966). Mao
believed in order to completely change the society the old fours must be rid of. The Red Guards
targeted mostly the intellectual population, the elderly, teachers, and school officials. The Red
Guards terrorized the citizens by beating them to death or threatened to and most of the time the Red
Guards resolved to violence. Fear was raised as the Red Army strolled around, no one could offend
them or else they would be expected for the worse. This period of time was referred to the "red
terror."
Chairman Mao considered the old generation as obstacle to his plan, Mao wanted the new
generation to teach the old
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13. The Causes And Impacts Of The Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution (1966~1976) was a sociopolitical movement that was both ideological and
radical in nature. It was a rectification movement that sought to remold the values and ideas of
society and to create a new vision for China, by Mao Zedong. Mao: the Chairman of the Communist
Party of China, was determined to forestall the rebirth of the bureaucratic class and its practice of
careerism. Within his revolution, Mao initiated purges in order to get rid of China's old capitalist
tendencies, and to further instill his Chairman of the Communist Party of China after his power
weakened from the Great Leap Forward (1958~1962). The Great Leap Forward (1958~1962) was a
period in China resolved to advance China's industrial progress. During ... Show more content on
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As a result of the extensive farming and industrial work, steel production dramatically increased and
several structures such as roads and hospitals improved the lives of the Chinese people. Despite the
great effort during this period, the Great Leap Forward had failed as the workers in the industries
were common, ordinary people who had no expertise in machines which led to a lot of useless iron
being made. Furthermore, as many as 30 million people died due to numerous reasons such as the
unpropitious climate conditions, pressure to meet the standards of the authorities, and mass
starvation. The failure of this period led to Mao Zedong being dismissed from his rank as the State
Chairman of RPC, although he still kept his title as the Chairman of the CCP. In order to combat
economic disorder caused by the Great Leap Program, Liu Shaoqi attained his rank as the new
Chairman of RPC while Deng Xiaoping became the CPC General Secretary. In the face of fiasco
after the unsuccessful Great Leap Forward, Mao Zedong pursued a course of eliminating elements
of Chinese culture during the Cultural Revolution to foster a new culture, which was abortive as it
had only distorted China both socially and economically, which was evident through the extensive
chaos and technology backwardness it
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15. Cultural Revolution And Its Effects On Chinese Economic...
Cultural Revolution, refers to a political movement that leads by Mao Zedong during May 1966 to
October 1976. The original intention for Cultural Revolution is to prevent the restoration of
capitalism. Mao want to clean the force who block the development. However, because of the failure
leadership, this movement goes to a wrong way and become out of control. This ten years revolution
seriously impact Chinese economic and development, it gives Communist Party and its people a big
damage: school closed, factories shut down; students recruit for the "Red Guard", they took to the
streets to against democracy; millions of people involved into this revolution. It is a painful
memories to Chinese. Today, some people prefer to call this revolution "Civil War". Its influence
until now. It is a war between Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi. Their struggle for power makes Chinese
culture remains stagnant and fell far behind the world, and even go backwards.
The fuse of this revolution is a historical article named "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office" which
written by Wu Han. Hai Rui is an honest official of Ming Dynasty. He is outspoken and criticize the
emperor thus he dismissed from office. Yao Wenyuan write an article and published on newspaper to
criticize this play has serious reactionary tendencies can affect masses. Who also has same opinion
with him named Jiang Qing. She is the wife of Mao Zedong and she is an ambitious woman who
want to get the highest power. And on her speech in
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17. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in China
The "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" or the "Cultural Revolution" had been a failed attempt
at making China a stronger country. This revolution had destroyed China's rich history. The period
from 1966 to 1969 had been terrifying years in which the Red Guards used violence to purge China
of any anti– communist sources. Mao Zedong had led the violence and turmoil in China after his
failed attempt at the Great Leap Forward. He relied on China's youth to change the traditional
customs and ideas. The students carried the Cultural Revolution forward and were encouraged to
attack authority. Mao said, "to rebel is justified."(par. 2, Schell). The stated goals of the Cultural
Revolution were to abolish the four olds, "old customs, old ... Show more content on
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The rich culture throughout China was completely destroyed by the red guards. Not only had the
Red Guard utilized violence to enforce China's new communist ideals, but also rid China of the old
culture. The government leader, Zhou Enlai, stated in The Liberation Army Daily,
"We have vigorously to promote proletarian thoughts and smash bourgeois thoughts in all the
academic, educational, journalistic, art, literary, and other cultural circles...It is of the utmost
importance, involving the fate and future of our Party and our country." (pg. 174, Karnow)
This statement from this critical leader shows the meaning behind their actions. Mao Zedong wanted
to promote his own ideals about communism in China. In order to do so, Mao destroyed China's
cultural elements that were created over the course of thousands of years. All of the culture
accumulated over this vast amount of time was demolished for the sake of promoting the proletarian
ideals. The horrendous actions of "smashing bourgeois thoughts" show the goal of the Cultural
Revolution. According to Mao Zedong, promoting communism was going to push China towards
becoming a stronger country. But as shown in the lost history, accumulated throughout each era, the
Cultural Revolution was leading to a place far worse than before. Furthermore, the police would be
given names of the people that were enemies, giving them an opportunity to look for objects from
the old culture. Those who were found with suspicious
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19. Communism And The Cultural Revolution
Communism is fundamentally incompatible with Christianity or any form of religion because it is
both organizationally and ideologically totalitarian. Since Communism is organizationally
totalitarian, the government seeks to control the lives of all the nation's citizens and is against any
self–directed attempts to join organizations independent from the Communist Party, such as
churches. As an ideologically totalitarian system, Communism aims to form all citizens' opinions
and values around a single doctrine; consequently, any opposing ideologies, such as Christianity, are
not allowed. In 1966, Communist leader Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution, which was
an attempt to create a purely Communist China by eliminating the "Four ... Show more content on
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China defaces churches to destroy the physical manifestation of Christianity and undermine
Christian faith; however, destruction during the Cultural Revolution was purely in the name of
persecution, whereas today it is justified by a legal pretense in order to evade foreign criticism.
During the Cultural Revolution, Mao wanted to eradicate religion and the government seized
churches to repurpose them as secular buildings. In Beijing, the North Church was turned into a
middle school, the South Church became a processing factory, and the West Church was converted
into a warehouse for medicinal herbs. By 1967, no churches in China were being used for Christian
services. Mao had hoped to discourage Christians from continuing their faith by eliminating their
traditional place of worship, but this tactic proved unsuccessful as communities moved underground
and Christians continued to worship in secret. Although Mao was unsuccessful in stamping out the
Christian faith, he effectively annihilated churches and any physical objects associated with
Christianity. Mao's merciless Red Guards traveled around China destroying crosses and sacred
religious objects as well as burning down churches. This destruction was meant to emphasize Mao's
power over China and sometimes banners saying "Long Live Chairman Mao!" were hung over the
ruins. The modern Chinese government has continued
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21. Causes And Effects Of The Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution
Throughout history, every nation has undergone various phases of transformation. One such drastic
change took place during the 1960s when Mao Zedong initiated the Cultural Revolution, formerly
known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. This socio–political movement was allegedly
meant to preserve the Communist ideology by attempting to eradicate the influences of capitalism
from the Chinese society. The revolution was also initiated to revive Mao's political doctrine among
Chinese people following the failure of his earlier campaign, "the Great Leap Forward", that
resulted in the biggest famine in human history, killing between 18 and 43 million lives.
Nonetheless, the Cultural Revolution was not without ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The policy was introduced to alleviate the problem of overpopulation. Although some believed the
policy abused civil rights, most believed the benefits overweighed the downside. For example, the
policy enhanced the overall economic stability of the nation. Also, it helped improved healthcare in
the country as well as helping families reduce resources used in one household and save money for
the family. Furthermore, the policy helped reduced unemployment and other difficulties that
accompanied overpopulation like epidemics, education, and ecosystem. This evidently demonstrates
that some of the policies from the Cultural Revolution are still relevant
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23. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was started by Mao Zedong in an attempt to rid himself
of his enemies. While it may have accomplished its purpose, many innocents were killed as well.
Families, parent and child, were ripped apart in Mao's paranoia. The author, Moying Li, grew up in
this period of history. Her family suffered alongside millions of others who had come under fire
from the government and Communist Party. Snow Falling in Spring was her attempt to at coming to
terms with her life and the events that had happened in it. It describes significant parts in the later
years of Mao, starting the Great Leap Forward and ending with the death of the once beloved
Chairman. Moying Li tells of her childhood to early adulthood when her whole world came crashing
down with the Cultural Revolution. And she is most certainly qualified to be telling the story. Ms. Li
first started writing and publishing works from the time she was still in China, at college. Her
previous book, Beacon Hill: The Life & Times of a Neighborhood, had won the Julia Ward Howe
Award. Snow Falling in Spring had won the IRA Children's and Young Adult's Book Award and was
named a Notable Social Studies Trade Book. It was selected as a winner for the 2009 Massachusetts
Book Award for Non–fiction (adult category) (Li, About the Author). As the story is a memoir, it
shows bias in the fact that the author is inclined to show herself and her struggles in a way that
generates support for what she has gone
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25. China In Transition: China And The Cultural Revolution
This chapter focusses on the life of Mao as the Chairman, and his policies that impacted China in a
negative way, including the policies of "Red" revolution after World War II, huge political and
humanitarian disasters such as the "Great Leap Forward" and "The Cultural Revolution". It also
describes some of the power struggles he had during late years of his life causing him to instigate
the Cultural Revolution right after the disastrous Great Leap Forward, which was his first policy
disaster. The book also talks about the triangular relationship between the Chinese Communist Part,
Moscow and Kuomintang. Mao, the grand strategist, forged partnership with Moscow and made it
an important part of his first Five Year Plan "156 projects".
II China in Transition
Death of Mao created a political power vacuum, which ended with Deng Xiaoping coming to power
in 1978 who helped move China towards a capitalist model with the adoption of "Four
modernization" economic policy. This led to China opening its door to western economies for the
first time to modernize its steel and chemical industries.
III How China's Market Reform Began
One of the major changes made in the Chinese governance policies was a reform which provided
more autonomy to the enterprises, thus allowing market forces to grow while keeping the central
planning fixed. The big picture behind ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was unprecedented, and inevitably led the part to transform into a powerful interest group; all
to protect themselves from such actions in the future. This was perhaps also influenced by the past
policies which regarded disagreement with the Party line was regarded as high treason. The growth
of interest groups within the party became a liability to itself as it was now not working as a single
unit, which was the goal of the party in its early
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27. Benefits Of The Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution had an enormous impact on the people of China From 1965 to 1968. The
cultural Revolution is the name given to the Chinese Communist party's attempt, under the
leadership of Mao Zedong, to reassert its authority over the Chinese government. The main goal of
the revolution was simple: the Chinese Communist party wanted to reform the Chinese people so
that they believed and followed the communist ideology of absolute social equality. The group of
people that the CCP, under Mao, wanted to help most was the rural people or the peasants. Mao's
man desire was to create a China which had peasants, workers and educated people all working
together for the greater good of China. No class of people was more privileged ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mao reduced the program of study for doctors from six years to three as a way to encourage more
rural students to pursue a healthcare education. Although the program was cut to only three years,
students were trained to deal with the most common diseases and healthcare problems. This process
led to a high improvement in health and life expectancy of the general population in rural areas.
Another goal of the revolution was to promote industrialization in the rural areas of China and to
narrow the economic gap between the urban and rural people. Because of this many peasants
became industrial workers and improved their standard of living. Also, as the Cultural Revolution
continued ordinary farmers were empowered and were given more control of the affairs of
production teams. The farmers started many committees whose members were democratically
elected. With the impute from the elected leaders of these committees production improved.
Historians will argue, that in spite of these changes the living conditions and incomes of the peasants
in rural areas showed little improvement. Many believe that improvements made brought little to no
true benefits to society. The Cultural Revolution was frustrating for many as China underwent
turmoil and disruption to industry and education without much positive change. And, it could be
argued that rural students benefited from the Cultural
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29. Mao 's The Cultural Revolution Essay
This rise of Mao as seen through such events, foreshadowed the official beginning of the Cultural
Revolution in May 1966. Mao's famous swim in the Yangtxe river in July that year, was covered
massively by press and the act was a piece of political theatre that had been specifically designed to
prove that he was strong and fit to rule China. This is an obvious display of the propaganda Mao
used in his pursuit of restoring his rule and gaining power. Despite his incentives for beginning the
Cultural Revolution being questioned by many, he justified his actions with his ideology of
permanent revolution. Michael Lynch is in agreement with this justification, arguing that Mao
"unleashed the Cultural Revolution" to ensure the continuation of the China he'd created." However,
this position has been controversial with Jung Chang, author of Wild Swans alternatively arguing
that "Mao brainwashed the nation to regain his power. Mao's thirst for power certainly did
contribute to the Cultural Revolution as the event was orchestrated to purge his enemies. His power
lust was a key and possibly the most important cause of the Cultural Revolution." Despite dispute
over Mao's motivations for the Cultural Revolution, it is evident that Mao was determined to regain
the political power and influence, which he had lost after the failed great leap forwards.
The Cultural Revolution (1966 to1976) had far reaching social and cultural consequences for
Chinese culture, people and education . The
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31. The Impact Of The Chinese Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, which affected China from 1965 to 1968, is the name given to Mao's
endeavor to proclaim his convictions in China. Mao Zedong was a Chinese Communist progressive
and the establishing father of the People's Republic of China. He had a Marxist–Leninist hypothesis,
military procedures, and political approaches which were known as the Mao Zedong Thought. Mao
was worried about the traits of post 1959 China. He commented that the unrest had supplanted the
old respectability with over again one and expected that these individuals taking in a main part
would debilitate Mao's energy inside the gathering and nation. Mao trusted that with the begin of the
Cultural Revolution, it would disrupt the decision class and get China to a more equivalent condition
of being. August 1966 at a meeting of the Plenum of the Central Committee was the initiation of the
Cultural Revolution development.
The development was in a general sense about tip top legislative issues, as Mao attempted to
reassert control by setting radical young people against the Communist Party pecking order. Be that
as it may, it had across the board outcomes at all levels of society. Youngsters combat Mao's
apparent adversaries, and each other, as Red Guards, previously being sent to the wide open in the
later phases of the Cultural Revolution. Intelligent people, individuals regarded "class foes" and
those with binds toward the West or the previous Nationalist government were oppressed. Numerous
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33. China's Cultural Revolution Deng Xiaoping
China has had the largest population in the world for the longest time, but it was only after the
Cultural Revolution that we started to see improvements in their economy and a turn for the better.
One of the problems prior to the Cultural Revolution was that the population was too high to be
support with the economy during that time and the majority was poor. As a result millions of people
died due to starvation. "When the organization of the Party is damaged by the Cultural Revolution,
there's very little left in the countryside to believe in" (Griffiths). Many of those that believed the
Cultural Revolution would create change for the better were abandoned by the very people they
supported. For a majority of China "the Cultural Revolution ... Show more content on
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The Cultural Revolution did nothing for the economy except for eliminating millions of people,
allowing for more money to go elsewhere. However, after Mao's death and post Cultural Revolution,
Xiaoping was able to pick up the pieces and once again reform China, but this time in a more
positive way. "China's economy has been growing so fast that, even though inequality is rising fast,
extreme poverty is disappearing. China pulled 680m people out of misery in 1981–2010, and
reduced its extreme–poverty rate from 84% in 1980 to 10% now" (Economist). Xiaoping helped
China's economy grow to what it is today, and because of that growth he was able to pull many of
China's poorest people out of their extremely poor living conditions. China wasn't doing too well
prior to the Cultural Revolution with many of the people being oppressed, and the Cultural
Revolution only worsened China's state. However, after Mao and the Cultural Revolution
vanquished, Xiaoping was able to boost the country's economy and this paved the way for many of
China's poorest people to improve their life. The boost in the economy meant more money, which
was needed to support their extremely large
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35. China 's Cultural Revolution : China
Veronica Gregorio
Hocutt
ENG 2H
15 February 2016
China's Cultural Revolution
Introduction
Genocide is the intentional carnage of a large group of people usually due to a particular religion or
ethnicity. China's Cultural Revolution lasted from 1966 until 1976 and dealt with Mao Zedong, the
chairman of the Communist Party of China, wanting to realm the true communists. Both Night and
China's Cultural Revolution had to do with a dominant, political figure seeking the flawless race. In
Night, numerous races not considered German or Aryan were slayed such as the Jews, Hungarians,
Russians, and French, on the other hand, China's Cultural Revolution mainly allocated with only the
Chinese race. In order to preclude future genocides or war crimes from happening, countries can
make written pacts with penalties to anyone that disrupts the rubrics, let all citizens have a part in
government and verdict making, and resolve any and all conflicts that arise.
Causes
In China's Cultural Revolution, many causes added to the genocide taking place. A vast majority of
the causes had to do with political complications between Mao Zedong and other political figures.
For instance, Mao didn't like any ideologies that went in contradiction of communism (Lamb 1). He
also didn't like anyone opposing him, gaining popularity (Li 2). Since Mao became so close minded
on his beliefs, it led him to accept as true that only certain people, those who shared his views on
communism, be worthy of life. This
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37. Sex in the Chinese Cultural Revolution
A. Plan of Investigation The purpose of this study is to answer the question: To what extent did
Chinese leaders display their power through the controlling of sex in the Chinese Cultural
Revolution? This can give historians a better understanding of the extent to which the Chinese
leaders controlled every aspect of the Chinese people's life. This is a fairly new subject because, as I
will discuss later in the project, sex was silenced in the Cultural Revolution.
(words:137)
| B. Summary of Evidence The Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) was a time of great social change
for the nation of China. In the words of Premier Zhou Enlai, the Revolution "defeated the arrogance
of the reactionary bourgeoisie and...broke old ideas, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The "government–sanctioned booklets and manuals about female hygiene, marital relations, and
sexual health, which had some circulation during the 1950s and early 1960s, were no longer
published." One woman, Hua, recalls her experience with sexual education "The closest [I] came to
such instruction was a birth–control lecture given in [my] office, but [I did] not listen carefully. It
was too dirty." It was not until 1986 that sexual education classes became available in some schools,
lifting the "age old taboo." Sex was taught as a dirty act, so much so that there was not even a polite
term for "making love." One advice column responded to a letter in reference to masturbation and it
denounced the act as causing "bodily deterioration" so one should refrain from such disturbing acts.
Some married women still detested the thought of having intercourse with their husbands. Although
the Revolution was "dominated by political concerns" ; it ventured to reform the society and minds
of the people. From the start of the Revolution, "sex [was] not a private matter between individuals."
Sex became a subject that was "considered bourgeois and hence taboo" and the government
"silenced sexuality not by issuing laws prohibiting it but by becoming silent itself." It was local
governments that were "propoganding" their own "unwritten rules" with the right to punish the
violators. The punishment for sexual crimes included,
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39. Cultural Revolution Research Paper
During the Cultural Revolution, all traditional thoughts, customs, arts, ideas, and philosophies were
ignored and attacked. Students, for one, were encouraged to criticize their parents and teachers for
their traditional thoughts. Wealthy men, anything old (old customs; habits; traditions; philosophies,
such as Confucianism), and those who were part of the counter–revolutionary were assailed and
sought to be eradicated, for they were all considered evil. The Cultural Revolution, furthermore, was
a time when farmers and peasants were the ruling class. It was also a time when China could take
possessions away from its citizens and inhabitants for the sake of the country. As Mao's thoughts
surpassed everything, and with the Red Guards surpassing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In it, we see Xu Fugui's prosperous life in being a rich man's son but has an addiction to gambling
that ultimately causes him to lose his family property to Long'er. His wife Jiazhen, their daughter
Fengxia, and their unborn son Youqing leaves him, as he was impervious, as well as was too asinine
to realize that his actions would eventually cause suffering to his family. Fugui, however, repents
and reunites with his wife and children but not before going through obstacles and certain events,
such as starting a shadow puppet troupe with his partner Chunsheng, being conscripted into the
Kuomintang, and being captured by the revolutionary army in order to serve by performing shadow
puppet routines for the revolutionaries. Upon his unity with his family, Fugui learns that Long'er
refused to donate any of his wealth to the "people's government" and instead decided to burn all of
his property. In return, Long'er was executed. Through this, we can see the people's antipathy
towards wealthy individuals, as well as the extent people would go through to rid of those who do
not decide to give up their opulence for the common good of the country. Executions transpired and
were in ways biased to eradicate certain individuals. As we later can also see, Fugui rushes home to
check his certificate (which states that Fugui served in the revolutionary army) after Long'er's
execution for the sake of confirming that
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41. The Pros And Consequences Of The Cultural Revolution
In 1921, the Chinese Communist party arose, bringing about the ideologies of Karl Marx, along with
the removal of class exploitation and oppression. Mao's Ideological crusade, the Cultural Revolution
in 1966, was designed to jolt China back toward mass mobilization, and utopian idealism. The
Cultural Revolution was, a revolution for the Communist party as it was their goal to eliminate
counterrevolutionary ideology and eliminate all right–wing influence. However, Mao's ideas of
riding China of capitalistic influences with violence and retaining power by manipulation was out of
tune with the ideas of the CCP because it ultimately led to a breakdown in culture, technology, and
human resources through decentralization and manipulation.
The Chinese Communist party emphasized the strategy of mass mobilization to improve industrial
production and agriculture. After a time of poverty and famine, Comrade Mao Zedong set out to
gain support in order to eradicate capitalistic influences. Mao said, "In order to overthrow a political
power, it is always necessary to first of all, create public opinion, to do ideological work." (Sixteen
Point decision pg. 129).
Mao used public opinion to sway the revolution into unstable equilibrium. Mao uses the strategy of
the Cult of Personality to manipulate people to believe what they were doing was right, but in
reality, it was just a way for Mao to gain support. His support for classes like peasants and school
kids was his way jump–start the
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43. Frank Dikötter's The Cultural Revolution
Between 1962 to 1976, China underwent one of the most devastating government lead social
reforms, the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution was a sociopolitical movement lead by
Mao Zedong where his influence made many young Chinese students, who would be known as Red
Guards, pledge to a social political war against capitalism. Frank Dikötter is the author of his
award–winning book called The Cultural Revolution: A People's History, 1962–1976, where he
presents The Cultural Revolution in a new light by constructing it from the perspective of the
individuals who experienced it. In Dikötter's analysis of the Revolution, he divides it into four
different timeframes: the Early Years (1962–66), the Red Years (1966–68), the Black Years (1968–
71), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the novel We by Yevgeny Zamyatin, there is a dystopian society called the One State meant to be
a fictional representation of Soviet Russia, i.e. the U.S.S.R. One of the One State's goals in the novel
was to surgically remove the part of the brain responsible for imagination so that all humans in the
One State would become a uniform collective capable of efficient machine like labor. This was
called the Great Operation and the people of the One State were given a published message on the
front page of the One State Gazette which said, "You are perfect. You are machinelike. The road to
one hundred per cent happiness is free. Hurry, then, everyone–old and young–hurry to submit to the
Great Operation (Zamyatin 180)." In the One State, the government and its people believed that they
must rid themselves of identity and become a single all–encompassing machine, and this desire
become more stronger as rumors of a revolution was stirring up. Although Zamyatin's story is very
fictional, it is eerily similar to China's Cultural Revolution and Red Guards. After China had gotten
rid of all older ideas, the country was transforming into a uniform communist resistance against
capitalism, and they also tried to flush out counter revolutions to also protect the country from
alternate thought. To be put simply,
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45. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution can be seen primarily as Mao's pursuit for ideological
purity. However, it was the 'revisionist' developments in the economic, political and cultural sphere
that led Mao to seek national rectification through revolution. Mao's global outlook meant that "no
revolution was an island" (Moise, 1994, p. 151), indeed from the moment Khrushchev gave the
'secret speech' in 1956 Mao grew increasingly vigilant and responded by turning 'left' in domestic
and foreign policy (MacFarquhar & Schoenhals, 2008). His fear of the encroachment of revisionism
on the Chinese Revolution found validation in the increasingly palpable division within party
leadership on the liberalisation of economic policy from 1959–62, the issue of Sino–soviet
rapprochement in response to the Vietnam war and the increasing Party allowance of anti–Maoist
influences in the cultural arena. In the end, what manifest as a power struggle amongst the upper
party leadership, was in Mao's eyes, a struggle between two roads, one capitalist and the other
communist (Tung, 1964). Thus, any opposition encountered by Mao was viewed with increasing
suspicion for it marked a dangerous diversion from 'true' Marxist–Leninist ideals. It is hence in this
sense of imminent crisis of counter–revolution that Mao found conviction for the need for what
Baum (1971) termed 'ideological revivalism' in order to "immunize the Chinese population from the
pernicious weed of revisionism" (p. 67). Economics
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47. Mao Cultural Revolution
A. Plan of Investigation
In 1966, Mao mobilized the Chinese youth to initiate the "Cultural Revolution", a violent process
eliminating old Chinese culture, customs, thoughts and habits, purging "counter–revolutionary"
party members, and heightening Mao's personality cult. I will summarize evidence collected from
textbooks, official documents, biographies and eyewitness reports about the events between 1959
and 1966. I will describe the failure of the Great Leap Forward, Mao's resignation as president, his
power struggle with Liu Shoaqi and Deng Xiaoping and the propagating of his personality cult.
Then I will identify how these events may have given Mao reasons for launching the Cultural
Revolution, and whether his motives were of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The people's faith in the government was partially restored; Liu's and Deng's popularity grew.
Furthermore, at the Conference of 7000 in 1964, instead of supporting Mao, Liu gave a speech
suggesting that the CCP was to blame for the economic failures and forced Mao into some" half–
hearted self–criticism" In October 1964, Khrushchev was sacked. In Nov 1964, the Russian defence
minister said to a Chinese delegation "We got rid of our fool, Khrushchev, now you get rid of yours,
Mao."
2. Establishment of the personality cult
Mao's lack of public appearances after 1958 had damaged his image and his authority. Since 1963,
the "Little Red book" ("Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse–tung"), compiling Mao's statements on
his views and ideology, had been a standard Chinese text, and his personality cult was
systematically fostered by Lin Biao , his faithful Minister of Defence, using various forms of
propaganda and giving him popular titles such as "The red sun rising in the East" . Mao re–entered
public life on 16 July 1966 with an appearance of him swimming in the Yangtze River, to promote
his strength. He frenzied the admiration of the Chinese youth, which he was hoping to mobilize for
revolutionary purposes.
3. The launch and effects of the Cultural Revolution
On May 16, 1966, the CCP announced the start of the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" which
called for a destruction of the old, bourgeois Chinese culture,
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49. Cultural Revolution Mao
"A revolution is not an apple that falls when it is ripe. You have to make it fall"
Evaluate the accuracy of this statement in relation to the causes of the Chinese cultural revolution
'A revolution is not an apple that falls when it is ripe. You have to make it fall.' This statement by
Che Guevara suggests that in order for a revolution to occur, the leaders must not hesitate, but
rather, they should take immediate and effective actions. This quote is particularly accurate for the
Chinese Cultural Revolution, because the main leader of the Revolution –Mao Zedong– was able to
manipulate the public, thus enabling him to bring about a revolution. The Cultural Revolution
occurred as a result of the failures in the Great Leap Forward, and officially, Mao claimed that the
goal of the Chinese Cultural Revolution is to build a society surrounding the proletariats by bringing
back revolutionary spirit. However, it became increasingly clear that Mao's real intentions were
rather personal, as he used the Cultural Revolution to re–establish his power as the Chairman of the
Communist Party of China.
The Cultural Revolution was Mao's response to the disasters of the Great Leap Forward, during
which at least 30 million Chinese people starved to death in the span of 5 years (Ben Walsh). In
1959, Mao admitted that 'I also have an indirect share of the blame... I don't want other people to
shirk their responsibility.' (Phillip Short). This suggests that even though Mao was aware that his
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51. The Causes Of The Cultural Revolution Of China
Revolution: the "deconstruction" phase in the circle of societal reconstruction. In most cases, the
society rebuilds itself, improves, takes mistakes from the past, and makes sure to establish itself as
something new, distancing itself from its past faults. However, that is not always the case. The
cultural revolution of China, lasting from 1966–1976, was a revolution unlike many others; it
resulted in the destruction of traditional Chinese culture, as well as the reshaping of the Chinese
political mentality.
Mao Zedong, the chairman of the Communist Party of China, was the chief instigator of the
revolution. Much of his motivations stemmed from his poor relationships with other party leaders.
This tension with the other members was caused by the Great Leap Forward, an attempt by Mao to
increase agricultural and industrial production in China within a very short span of time. This
resulted in the overworking of farmers, a famine with an estimated 40 million deaths, and a disgrace
for Mao (Ramzy). Even his intended successor, Liu Shaoqi, who was groomed to perfection by Mao
himself, turned his back on him after the disastrous attempt at reforming the agricultural industry.
However, due to Mao's well–placed use of propaganda, he managed to climb back to power,
establish a loyal base, and spread his ideology across China. He believed the Communist Party to be
corrupt and need to be cleansed of those poisoned by intellectualism. Liu Shaoqi, the newly elected
president of China,
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53. Cultural Revolution And Its Effect On The World Essay
Students in Cultural Revolution in 1960s China In 1960s, the wave of revolution spread all over the
world, as well in China. It is said that China was experiencing an energetic and fanatical revolution
from 1966 to 1976 called "Culture Revolution" which was directed against some specific fields of
Culture such as foreign capitalism literature and traditional customs.
The purpose of the President Mao is to consolidate the regime and clean the opponents. But how
could the people believe him so easily? The answer is that most of Chinese people lacked of
education and had personality cult to Chairman Mao due to China Communism Party propagation.
For example, my high school teacher said every family had a portrait of Mao on the wall of their
houses when he was very young. Thus it is inevitable that Mao became more and more arrogant and
opinionated. He thought the restoration of capitalism and wrongly started an anti–capitalism
movement from bottom people to top central leaders. The main thing he did is to eliminate all other
cultures except communism.
It cannot be ignored that the youth played an important role in this huge Cultural Revolution. In fact,
I think the young people sometimes can be the decisive factor of any revolution in history. A
revolution can be powerless if it is without the youth. The reason is that young people are energetic
and in blood. They have courage to resist what make them dissatisfied. However, a vital defect they
have is easily to be
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55. Life Outcomes of The Cultural Revolution
"How did the disruption of the educational system during the Cultural Revolution affect the life
outcomes of people who were getting their educations in the period 1966–75?" By using this as a
topic to question, I will be reviewing the impact of the lack of education had on people as they got
older and began looking for jobs in China. Although it may seem clear to many on why missing an
education would make it harder for one to obtain a job, I still think it needs to be looked into as why
this education was stopped, and following with the affects it had on people. There are three elements
to this idea of disruption of education. One side is that education was no longer the main point, but
that the revolution and the building of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was based on a length of time that system would be perfected, and reworked to fit the people's
needs. In urban areas, they began building courses about industry. Medical and health sciences were
seen as practical for the urban areas to study. Even smaller health services such as family planning
were made stronger and became a new variety of study. 1977 there was a college entry exam, "...5.7
million people reportedly sought to take the exam, among which only 272,971 students were
admitted for entrance" (Yoshida) People who wanted to continue their education were either forced
to work on a rural farm for two years or show some other way of devotion to the Socialist as proof
that they were loyal to the country and wanted to make it better. People raced for the chance of
education because no one knew if or when it would become banned. These people took the risks to
study because they were so eager about obtaining their education to better their lives and further
career choices. For those who after all this no longer wanted education to continue for them were
still sent to the rural areas to give them a taste of the hard work they would need to portray in order
to make a good life for themselves. It gave everyone a bit of backbone for the future. The second
reason that education was disrupted is that there was unqualified staff being hired to educate young
minds. U,E (March 2014) discusses the desperation
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57. 1967 Cultural Revolution of China
Question:
Why did Mao launch the Cultural Revolution? For instance, do you think the occurrence of the CR
had any connections with the CCP 's organizing principle and guiding ideologies, such as
democratic dictatorship and the democratic–centralism, or was caused more by other reasons? Also,
although many things people did during the Cultural Revolution look so absurd, irrational, and even
cruel today, millions of Chinese, especially the Chinese youth seemed to be obsessed with the
movement during that time. What do you think motivated the public to respond to Mao 's "last
revolution" so actively? Please give your explanations. Moreover, please also discuss: How some
Cultural Revolution mentality or phenomena remain working nowadays and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
For Mao, It was impossible to tolerate the fact that political elites of CCP were no longer cohesive
and shared the same ideology. In order to achieve pure communism in the state, there was a need to
remove other ideology which might probably undermine the governance of CCP. Therefore, Cultural
Revolution was triggered off to eliminate people and elites who caused class struggle and violate the
dominant dictatorship of CCP.
4. Explanation for active public response.
4.1 Cultural Revolution gained public supports though some scholars described it as "Ten–year
disaster". It did really badly affected people's livelihood at that time. Indeed, it has aroused many
scholars' interest to study the general public's enthusiasm for this massive movement. In order to
transform China into a pure communist state, massive propaganda work has implemented to
promote Chinese political philosophy. During the "First Five Year Plan", the "Campaign on
Education of Illiteracy" was launched to infused people with communist ideology. People who are
the lower class of society like peasants, students and workers were the most targeted group because
they occupied a larger proportion of population at that time. Mao manipulated people's mindset by
instilled people with communist value and ideals. (Guo,2013) People were easily controlled and
influenced at that time for having not much education and more importantly communism was
promoted as
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59. The Four Olds: The Cultural Revolution In China
The Cultural Revolution was an event in China that made the children gain power over the adults
and sometimes made the children go against their own parents. The idea of the Cultural Revolution
was to remove old ideas and move on, creating a better future. The old ideas, old customs, old habits
and old cultures were called the Four olds and they were banned. By placing those rules, that made
the rich people the targets because anything foreign or valuable was considered the Four Olds.
During that time period, families were torn apart and relationships were weakened.
The Cultural Revolution made Ji Li, the main character in the book, think about changing her name
to avoid humiliation. She wanted to change her to change her identity and get accepted by the Red
Guards and the working class:
"Wait! ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So I want to change my family name."
He took his finger out of his mouth and began to pay attention."Good. Revolutionary action" He
opened the door. "Come in, come in. I'll be ready in no time." (p. 214)
After reading a newspaper article criticizing her family, Ji Li decides she wants to change her name
so that the name Jiang won't follow her around anymore, which would improve her class status. But
by doing this, it shows that she feels like her political life has more value than her family. Another
example of a child betraying their family can be shown when Ji Li joins the group of students who
march to her Aunt Xi wen, and when she has to read the Da Zi Bao on page 47. Though Ji Li does
not approve of the actions the students are taking, she doesn't support her family and tries to walk
away as if nothing happened. As a matter of fact, she tries to blend in with the crowd, rather than
helping her aunt through the mob of people who were humiliating her. This also shows how she
would rather stay safe with the group that has more power than her family, which is another example
of how family relationships were weakened at the
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61. Essay about The Chinese Cultural Revolution
The Chinese Cultural Revolution The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, beginning as a
campaign targeted at removing Chairman Mao Zedong's political opponents, was a time when
practically every aspect of Chinese society was in pandemonium. From 1966 through 1969, Mao
encouraged revolutionary committees, including the red guards, to take power from the Chinese
Communist party authorities of the state. The Red Guards, the majority being young adults, rose up
against their teachers, parents, and neighbors. Following Mao and his ideas, The Red Guard's main
goal was to eliminate all remnants of the old culture in China. They were the 'frontline
implementers' who produced havoc, used bloody force, punished supposed 'counter ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The role of Red Guard was mainly to attack the ?four olds? of society, as well as purging all
bourgeois elements within the government. The following excerpt, from an interview between an
ex–red guard father and his daughter, explains what the four olds were: ?We were told to destroy
four types of things: 1 ~ anything of the old feudal culture (relics, statues, monuments); 2 ~ anything
connected to capitalism; 3 ~ anything related to the development of the mind (libraries, old
university buildings, art, classical musical instruments); 4 ~ traditional Confucian customs, symbols,
philosophy and education.? (Interview with Mr. Nie) The Red Guards used the four olds as a basic
guideline on what to attack and not to attack. Another standard, which all revolutionary efforts were
to be judged by, was from Mao?s ideas found in his little red book of quotations. The little red book
was a collection of quotations taken from Mao?s past speeches and publications. The Red Guards?
actions were a reflection of Mao?s policy of revamping passion, and destroying counter–
revolutionary symbols. ?They named and renamed street signs and buildings, and ransacked
museums and destroyed old books and works of art. Many famous buildings like temples and
shrines and heritages were destroyed. 4,922 out of a total 6,843 were destroyed.?
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63. Influence Of Cultural Revolution On Buddhism
The Influence of Cultural Revolution on China's Buddhism From the discussion above we can see
that the big influence of Cultural Revolution upon China's Buddhism by the contrast of
government's policy toward religion in different periods.And it is obvious to observe that the ten–
year disaster does great harm to Buddhism. After the foundation of new China, people became the
real owner of the country, and they are entitled to the freedom of religious belief. Buddhism
developed at that time and the number of its believers was increasing.However,the good situation
did not last for a long time. With the change in the country's policy to religion, different kinds of
religion suffered a lot. As one of the most popular regions in China, it experienced a great loss
beyond ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cultural Revolution exerts its influence upon every corner of the society, including religion such as
Buddhism. But when we review this disaster in history, what we should do is not to find someone to
take all the blame, but to draw some lesson from it to prevent the same tragedy from reperforming.
As we know from above, Religion like Buddhism has a close tie with the policy of a country. In the
meanwhile,we also have to know that Buddhism has its own rule to formulate and develop. Man–
made disasters of Buddhism will only lead to the turmoil of society,which is not good for the
development of human civilization. Especially for Buddhism, it has quite a long history of 2000
years since its introduction to China, so it has been imprinted into the splendid culture of the whole
Chinese nation. And once it is destroyed, the whole culture would get affected. As a Chinese, we
often boast to foreigners that our country is endowed with a long history and a splendid culture, but
at the same time we should also take a little extra time to take care of our
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65. The Cultural Revolution And Reign Of Mao Zedong
Imagine somewhere that was the opposite of what you know now. Picture children not being able to
have futures from birth because their ancestors made a small mistake, smoking since you were 8 as
one of the few ways to pass time, and constantly being controlled by a corrupt government. This was
China under the Cultural Revolution and reign of Mao Zedong. During this era, a person with
traditional political or religious views struggled incredibly. Mao Zedong attacked traditional Chinese
culture and "launched what became known as the Cultural Revolution in order to reassert his
authority over the Chinese government. Believing that current Communist leaders were taking the
party, and China itself, in the wrong direction, Mao called on the nation's youth to purge the 'impure'
elements of Chinese society" (History.com "Cultural Revolution"). Essentially, Mao was about
crushing all of the Communist Party's enemies so that he could have all the power. The propaganda
during the Cultural Revolution was very reflective of its ideals. Mao Zedong tried to make people
think that he was for the people. For example, the picture below shows the government and the
people forcefully throwing out the capitalists. These images make it seem like the government is
kicking out the capitalists, not for their own benefit, but for the benefit of the people. The people
shown are also average farmers (like Da Chen's family) using their own tools to get rid of the
enemies, with the government using its
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67. Dynastic China During The Chinese Cultural Revolution
Throughout the twentieth century, the country of China went through many major changes. Dynastic
China transitions into Communist China during the Chinese Cultural Revolution with many
consequences as a result. Mao wanted to make a society where all could be equal but ended up
creating much more damage than intended. In 1971, China was in the midst of extreme cultural and
political change due to the Chinese Communist Party's aim to destroy the Four Olds with the aid of
the Red Guard, and to eliminate the bourgeois class. The country was in shreds after the dissolvent
of the last dynasty, as the citizens sought a new and powerful leader. Before Mao's ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The two parties gathered a peasant–based army which specialized in guerilla style warfare. They
later fought for power. In the end, the communists take power as Mao took the role of "chairman of
the Communist party and the People's Republic"(Hanes). Mao attempted to enact the 'Great Leap
Forward' economic movement meant to create small independent colonies, which ultimately failed,
causing "over twenty million deaths" (Hanes). This angered Mao, which lead to the Cultural
Revolution. Mao believed that having an upper "ruling class... [would] spell the end of... revolution"
(Knight) and decided to rid of it. This bourgeois class was viewed by Mao as holding back from the
revolution. He wanted citizens to be equal in that they have unwavering faith in him. The upper
class was educated and seen as a threat. He wanted all people to be of a farming class in order to
keep everything equal and have a stable economy. One of the first steps in doing so involved
creating the Red Guard, "[groups of] secondary and university students" (Knight) whom were a
driving force of the
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69. The Cultural Revolution : A Period Of Loss For China
Katie Zhang
Richardson
WH–II Research Paper
5 June 2015 The Cultural Revolution was a period of loss for China; 1.5 million lives were lost, but
even more lost their property, their dignity, and their culture. The instigator of this period of
devastation, Mao Zedong, crippled China ("Cultural Revolution"). Mao, the most influential man in
Chinese history, was able to obtain power through repressive campaigns and his ruthless Red Guard
supporters. When Mao Zedong was born in 1893, China was in a terrible state. The Opium War, the
Open Door Policy, and the unsuccessful Boxer Revolution left China in widespread devastation. As
the Qing Dynasty ended in 1912, new leaders prepared to take power (Gay 16). Two leaders that ...
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The Nationalists who sought power over the Communists massacred around five to six thousand
Communists in Shanghai on April 12, 1927. A Civil war had broken out (Wertz). Mao fled the
Nationalist purges and escaped into the mountainous region of Jianggangshang. There, Mao
organized a rag–tag army composed of bandits and peasants called the Red Army. The Red Army
was ill–equipped yet by using guerilla warfare and Mao's battle slogans, "When the enemy
advances, we retreat! When the enemy halts and encamps, we trouble them! When the enemy seeks
to avoid a battle, we attack! When the enemy retreats, we pursue," the Red Army was able to gain
territory from the KMT from 1930 to 1934 (Gay 36). However, by the end of 1934, the KMT
surrounded the Red Army and they were forced to retreat. For a six thousand miles journey from the
Jiangxi Province to the Shaanxi Province, the Red Army marched to save themselves from the KMT.
This trek was known as the Long March. Out of the estimated one hundred to two hundred thousand
soldiers that marched, only seven to eight thousand survived (Gay 39). When the Red Army arrived
at their destination at Shaanxi, Japan had taken advantage of the civil war and had invaded and
occupied all of Manchuria, a mineral rich land in northern China (Malaspina 57). As Japanese troops
moved south, the Red Army temporarily combined forces with the KMT to fight off Japan. Yet even
with combined forces, the
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71. Cultural Revolution In China
Culture revolution
Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, despite the great achievements, China has
taken a lot of detours because of the great leap forward and the cultural revolution. The great leap
forward to China in the economy, including the people's life safety, pay a heavy price, the "cultural
revolution" brought disaster ， a lot of cultural relics have been damaged, our country's political
situation lead to the cultural revolution in the late of tragedy.
Over the past 20 years , talk of "cultural revolution" has changed color. In recent years, as politics
has become more liberal, there has been a gradual increase in research, discussion and reflection.
More and more people are beginning to reflect on the gains and losses of the cultural revolution,
which will help our country to maintain steady development in the future reform. For the research
achievements of today about "cultural revolution", personally, the Chinese academy of social
sciences institute of modern history, deputy director of academic committee, the central literature
research office of the original Chinese historiography association professor Jin Chongji view is more
rational and objective.
Jin Chongji professor on May 20, 2011 the history reference magazine "literature and history lecture
hall" series of activities sponsored by the department of speech in the sixth issue. Mao Zedong's
head nurse, Wu Xujun, said that Mao Zedong once said to her, "I ask the main question, they can't
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73. Mao Zedong and Cultural Revolution
Zedong initiated a series of revolutions to change the way China ran, the final being the Great
Proletarian Cultural Revolution starting in 1966 and ending in 1976 (1). The goal of this
investigation is to determine Mao Zedong's motives as a leader to initiate such a movement that
ended up with the loss of culture, struggle between social classes, force of government, and the loss
of human life (2). This investigation will describe Mao as a person, China as a country, the Cultural
Revolution as a movement, and the results following the movement for Mao Zedong and China, to
tell whether or not the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a good thing or bad thing, as well
as if it was a success or failure.
In 1966, Mao Zedong, leader of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a later effect of the Cultural Revolution, people protested and they were thus punished. One
incident of people's opposition toward Mao Zedong's views is known as the Tiananmen Massacre,
where hundreds of protesting college students were gunned down by soldiers (9).
Following the massacre at Tiananmen Square, Deng, ruler following Mao Zedong, and his officials
attempted to cover–up this to the world. They used news coverage to hide the fact that thousands of
people were slaughtered by soldiers by lying and saying that none had perished that day (10).
The statistics of the wealth in China was published in 2004, and shows that many of China's
inhabitants were not wealthy at all, and were receiving little pay for they jobs they had.
Mao Zedong's had the goal of modernizing China in the 1900's, with his last attempt being the
Cultural Revolution in the late 1960's. Mao Zedong believed that the country was living in the
1800's, and he wanted a great deal of change to take place to improve China's rank in the world.
Within his plans in his last revolutionary movement, his goal was to improve China's political
system, people's social statuses, as well as their rank in the world (1). He wanted things bigger and
greater, from the amount of production of goods to his personal goals to be respected and supported
by all with no question of his
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75. The Cultural Revolution : Mao Zedong
The Cultural Revolution, launched by Chairman Mao Zedong in the mid–1960s, dramatically
transformed Chinese society. Paul Byrne (2012 p.80) suggests that as the Cultural Revolution
continued to transform China, a cult of personality was built around Mao; anyone who questioned
his wisdom was an enemy of the people. The Cultural Revolution was a period of time where
anything capitalist or western was brutally destroyed. The Cultural Revolution aimed to destroy 'The
Four Olds' these being, old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits. This was to bring the
areas of education, art and literature in line with Communist ideology (Ebrey, n.d, para. 2).
Chairman Mao used a youth army called 'The Red Guards' to carry out the task of destruction and
anyone who represented the old culture of China or did not fully support Mao and the Communist
Revolution were targeted (Byrne, 2012, p.81). Li Cunxin was born into a poor peasant family and
from his perspective the Cultural Revolution impacted all areas of his life. Li like millions of other
children of his generation had their education, career, opportunities, voice and beliefs censored and
recreated to idolise Mao Zedong and the countries strong communist ideas.
During the Cultural Revolution, the notion of "bourgeois ethos" in education was eradicated. The
entire education ministry was abolished in 1966 and when a new education system was put in place
it reflected Maoist ideas and was wrought with communist propaganda (Milner,
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77. Cultural Revolution Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong, the former communist leader of China, enforced changes from 1966 to 1976 where he
called on the Chinese youth to purge the current leaders and the educated, "elites", claiming that
they were taking China into a wrong direction. In 1965, Mao Zedong began to fear that China would
follow Russia's path in adopting softer versions of communism after Stalin's death. With this in
mind, it was Mao's goal to reaffirm the Communist Party in China, provide China's youth with
revolutionary experience, make educational, healthcare and cultural systems less elitist, and replace
his designated successors with leaders who had a common mindset as him. This may seem like good
intentions, yet when the Cultural Revolution broke out, it poorly affected the country. As a result,
millions of people were punished, humiliated, imprisoned, tortured, and killed. Some may ponder
that the Cultural Revolution gravely impacted all of China, yet others argue that it did not have a
great affect on Hong Kong. At the time, Hong Kong was under the reign of Great Britain, so it may
have been hard for inner China to impose their rules on them. Great Britain had dominion over this
city from 1841 to 1997 when the lease claiming British power over some of China's land expired.
The Cultural Revolution affected Hong Kong tremendously; mistakenly some may argue that the
revolution did not influence them due to the city's greater impact from Britain and their overall
exclusion from China.
Mao Zedong's
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