CULTURAL VARIATIONS AND SOCIAL DIFFERENCES IN ETHNICITY AND RELIGION-3.pdf

UCSP, CULTURAL VARIATIONS AND SOCIAL DIFFERENCES IN ETHNICITY AND RELIGION-3.pdf

1. CULTURAL VARIATIONSCULTURAL VARIATIONS
ANDAND
SOCIAL DIFFERENCESSOCIAL DIFFERENCES
ININ
ETHNICITY ANDETHNICITY AND
RELIGIONRELIGION

2. ETHNICITY, ETHNIC
GROUPS AND RACE
Ethnic Group- refers to a specific group of
people having a certain similar characteristics
and a distinct cultural identity, which
distinguish them from other groups in the
community or society.

3. ETHNICITY-
used to denote the shared culture of these
groups, which includes cultural heritage,
language or dialect, religion, traditions and
rituals, norms, values, beliefs and other
practices.

4. Having an ethnicity makes it easy for
peopel to feel that they can identify
with an ethnic group. In other words,
the shared culture ( or ethnicity) of a
group of people is what solidifies
their identity as ethnic group.

5. RACE
is a socially constructed category attributed to people
who share the same biological traits or attributes.
People’s classification of race are usually based on
physical characteristics like skin color, facial features,
and hair texture and color.
It is important to remember that eveb though race is
based on biological characteristics, the concept is still
socially constructed. Meaning, it is still society that
decides whether which physical characteristics are
significant enough to get a label or name.

6. Differentiating race and ethnicity is actually not
that difficult since they have different bases. Race
is constructed from biological characteristics
while ethnicity is constructed from cultural traits.

7. Another difference between the
two is that race tends to be more
unitary or singular, while
ethnicities tend to be diverse.
for example, different ethnicities
like Like Russian, Irish and Italian
belong to only one race which is
white.

8. However, there are also instances
where one ethnicity could include
more than one race example the
French. French can be considered
as one ethnic group since they
share the same culture, practices
and traditions but members of this
particular ethnic group include
people with a white or black racial
background.

9. In Cordillera alone there are several ethnic groups
such as the Bontoc, Ibaloi, Ifugao, Ikalahan, Isneg,
Itneg, Kalinga and Kankanaey. Majority of them have
agriculture as the main source of living. This is due to
their geographical location, in the mountains, which
posses fertile lands appropriate of planting. Several
more ethnic groups are located in Luzon, Visayas and
Mindanao.
Ethnic and Ethnolinguistic
Groups in the Philippines

10. Religion is a set of beliefs and ritual practices related
to symbols, which are considered as sacred. Ethnic
groups may have different symbols, which they
consider sacred, and the differences of these
symbols also entail differences in how these symbols
are expressed in cultural group’s belief system and
rituals.
Religion in Ethnicity

11. These belief systems influenced how people would
interpret and interact with the world in which they
live.
One of the earliest recorded religions in society is
animism among hunting and gathering societies I the
pre-industrial world.

12. Animism is the belief that
spiritual forces reside in
natural elements of the
physical world. ( e.g trees,
oceans, wind)
ANIMISM

13. Social Implications of Diverse
Ethnicities
As much as the concept of ethnicity propagates the
idea of being one and the same with people whom you
share cultural traits, it is also strengthens differences
among ethnic and cultural groups. In some cases,
these differences may lead to conflict and issues.

14. Prejudices are faulty generalizations about an
entire group of people that is based on little or no
evidence.
Stereotypes are oversimplified assumptions that
describe a whole ethnic group.
Prejudices and stereotypes can either be positive or
negative although most are created to condemn
members of other ethnic group

15. One example is the generalization that
Muslims from Mindanao are terrorists.
such prejudice is created because
terrorism and armed rebellion is
associated with people living in Mindanao,
which mostly practice the Islam religion.

16. These types of false judgements may instigate more
intense conflict among different ethnic groups.
Differences among ethnic groups may also lead to
minority groups, colleective groups of people who
are singled out, distinguished, and treated as
subordinates or inferior by the dominant or majority
group, because of their physical and cultural
characteristics.

17. Differences among ethnic groups may also
lead to minority groups, collective groups
of people who are singled out,
distinguished, treated as subordinates or
inferior byt the dominant or majority
group, because of their physical or
cultural characteristics.

18. Minority groups often experience different
degrees of discrimination from the society in
which they are a part of. Such discriminations
and maltreatment are present in the Philippine
society, as some business corporations evade
the law in order to acquire ancestral lands of
some ethnic tribes in the Philippines, to be
transformed into business investments.