CULTURE AND HEALTH sociology in detail .pptx

Sociology

1. CULTURE AND HEALTH

2. OVERVIEW Concept of culture Characteristics of culture Culture and behaviour Cultural meaning of sickness Culture and health disorders

3. Concept of culture Culture is the part of human environment which has been created by men in the process of living together. E.B Taylor says, culture is that whole complex which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom & any other capabilities & habits acquired by man as a member of society.

4. Ogburn classifies cultural items into 2 categories: Tools, equipment, arms Values, beliefs, customs, norms, law Material aspects Non Material aspects

5. Characteristic of culture It is not genetically transmitted, men create it. It can be learn through the process of socialization and education. It is explicit & implicit design of living. It sets standards of behaviour carrying legitimacy ( Conformity).

6. 5. It goes on advancing from simpler form to complex form. 6. Culture shapes human behaviour & molds personality. 7. Material aspects of culture changes with a faster pace than the non material aspects.

7. CULTURE AND BEHAVIOUR Cultural elements are so broad in human society that no human behaviour is free from its influence. What we are in terms of thinking, acting and feeling , we are product of our culture . Thus culture: Culture prescribes certain patterns of behaviour Culture prohibits certain other patterns of behaviour It sets standards of tolerance.

8. Men gets potentialities through heredity, but these potentialities grow only in appropriate culture environment. Human behaviour can be explained only with the help of its cultural context. The culture has profound influence on human behaviour so that societies & nations are characterized by cultures.

9. The impact of culture over the human behaviour will have both positive and negative effects. Some of the positive effects like : • Respect each other, love the neighbourhood • Love all, hurt never • Share the ideas, thoughts, feelings, and responsibilities with loved ones . Some of the negative effects • Untouchability • Superiority and inferiority feelings • Devadasi system.

10. CULTURE MEANING OF SICKNESS In every society sickness is explained in the context of shared understanding. In the primitive societies & even in modern complex industrial societies disease, sickness & all other human sufferings are ultimately tried to be understood in the context of supernatural power & evil spirits. Thus in every societies we find traditional healers including modern & high tech societies.

11. According to culture, sick person is who is unfit to carry out the roles which are assigned as per the cultural values & norms. Birth & death is explained in cultural context so is about the sickness in every society. The concept of disease, sickness , measure of treatment are fast going because of the advancement of science & technology. Now there is increasing awareness about causes of sickness rather than supernatural power due to change in cultural perception of sickness.

12. CULTURE AND HEALTH DISORDER According to WHO “ health is a state of complete physical, mental & social well being & not simply an abscense of disease.

13. Causes of disorder Wrath of god Small pox, chicken pox Breaking social taboos Past sins Evil eye Ghost/spirit Supernatural causes

14. physical causes Extremity of weather: heat stroke, frost bite Contaminated Water: Impurity of blood: scabies, acne, boils

15. Environmental sanitation Disposal of Human Excreta: Open field defecation Disposal of waste: Stagnation of water Indiscriminate throwing of refuse Water supply: Ponds & Tanks → Common use for washing, bathing, ablution, drinking Store wells Pilgrimage →Holy dip

16. Disease ILLNESS —The presence of disease, reaction and behaviour of person towards disease. SICKNESS — Symbolises social dysfunction. DISEASE — It is the condition of interruption of normal activities or any change in normal functioning of body or psychological well-being.

17. Culture Induced Symptoms and Diseases Culture, is the way of living in which the customs, traditions, practices , attitudes, ideas, knowledge will influence individual’s life style. Among these food habits also plays a major role, as a part of culture of a community. Eg : Andhra people consume more spicy food, which may predispose for gastritis. • Certain community will consume only pure vegetarian food in which they will avoid even onion and garlic, thus leading to nutrition imbalance. Subsequently these people are prone for gastric diseases. • Other religious consume more of non-vegetarian food, which may lead to obesity, hypertension, and cardiac diseases.

18. • Pardah system by the women followed by certain community will predispose for vitamin-D deficiency. • In urban community, due to mechanisation , industrialization people’s life become monotonous and stress to adjust and accommodate themselves to the changing demands etc ., prone for mental illness.

19. Cultural Factors Affecting Health and Diseases The human life is affected by both material and non-material type of culture. Customs Eg : If age—at marriage and age-at gauna is low, may predispose to early pregnancy and will affect mother and child • Widow remarriages may cause frustration, conflicts and unsoundness in the family • Polygamy, polygynae , devadasi system, dowry system, alcoholism, drug abuse, will influence the individual’s health

20. Certain religious community does not take any form of medicine or does not utilize the health services as they believe the diseases are due to anger of God, or punishment for their sinful activities, for relief of the illness they will perform pooja , offering prayers, and follow some vaastu principles , due to these believes their health is deteriorating . • Communicable diseases like mumps, measles, chicken pox are occurring due to the curse of the Goddess and the community will visit temples for the cure of the disease, instead of going to health care members. • Some cultural factors are positive in nature. If an individual is affected with chickenpox certain practices will be followed like hygienic principles, such as cleanliness, isolation , barrier techniques, giving bath with neem leaves dipped in hot water, giving bland diet for the affected children .

21. Beliefs Hysteria is the result of possession of evil spirit. • During menstruation certain family will not allow the person to do the family activities and given rest . • Some elders will not permit the post-natal mother to give colostrum , which is essential for the specific protection for the new born. • Food restrictions such as eating papaya during first trimester , as it may induce abortion . • During fairs and festivals, certain practices like, whitewashing the house and all the family members will gather together , share their joys, problems, which will promote the soundness in the family. • Performing pranayama, meditation and yoga techniques will induce sound mental health.

22. Maternity and child care Cultural practices often ignore the requirement of cleanliness , nutrition and standards of health. Because of such practices , the problem of infant mortality becomes acute due to higher vulnerability of infants to the aliment such as diarrhoea, malnutrition etc. Restriction of food intake during pregnancy, delivery by untrained person.

23. All these factors are responsible for poor health and specially seen into socio economically poor classes. Rapid social change causing mental stress and cardiac disorders. Who are living in urbanized also suffer from health disorders. Cultural disapproval towards certain communicable disease such as, leprosy, sexually transmitted disease like AIDS & tuberculosis are provides for continuation of health disorders . The fear of social rejection by one’s own people often result into refusal to go for proper treatment and care .

24. We can change this cultural environment through the effective education, community awareness, adequate institutional arrangements involving people’s participation and health care programs.

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