Cumin

presentation on cumin
it is an spice crop

1. PRESENTATION ON CUMIN( जीरा)

2. INTRODUCTION OF CUMIN S cientific Name: C uminum Cyminum Family: Umbelliferae Cumin is an important annual spices crop.it is also known as (jeera) Cumin seed is basically native to the Eygpt and it now grows in countries like india, north Africa, china. In india mainly grown in Gujarat,rajisthan,utter Pradesh and about 70% of world production of cumin is produced in India In Nepal it is mainly grown in the terai region.

3. like Kavra,Newakot,Rupendehi,Rukum,Dang , Salyan, and Surkhet districts for household purpose. It is an important spice manly used in Nepali and Indian kitchens regularly for flavoring various food preparations Cumin seed are the used in various Ayurvedic herbal medicine and also especially for stomach pain, digestion

4. BOTANY OF CUMIN Habitat terrestrial The height of cumin plant is 20-30 cm Root: cumin plant is tap root system but weak root system which is mostly confined to 10-20cm depth of the soil. Flower color: mostly pink , some times white also Leaf type :the leaves are compound the leaves are simple (long ;divided and deep green color) Fruit type :(general)the fruit is dry but does not split open when ripe Fruit length :at least 4 mm The crop is diploid and 2n=14

5. VARIETIES OF CUMIN there are 4 types of cumin .tall , dwarf, pink flowered and white flowered. The improved varieties of cumin are listed below: RSK-1 It is grown in north India TOPLKA It is high yielding variety, introduced from Bulgaria and resistance to Pseudomonas cumin. NO-1 It is early variety introduced from Bulgaria GC-1(Gujarat cumin-1 ) Released by spices research station GAU, Jagudan , 1988 developed and good quality character-3.6% volatile oil, yield 775Kg/ha.

6. MC-43 & VIJAPUR -5 These are promising variety of Gujarat which bears bold seeds and process good yield potential. MC-43 is tolerant to wilt and blight, yield 580Kg/ha, contains6.3% oil and matures in 115 days. RZ-19(Rajasthan jeera-19) High yielding variety, bold dark grey seeds, medium in maturity(120-130days), requires -7 irrigation, yield -.9q seeds/ha, have oil content of 2.3-3% , tolerant to wilt and blight. RZ-209 It was developed by Rajasthan agricultural University, It is resistance to wilt and blight disease Others varieties are UC -89, UC -199, UC -208, UC -209, VC-11 and VC-24.

7. SOIL AND CLIMATE: Cumin cultivation requires loamy soil with good drainage supplemented with organic matter Commercial cumin cultivation should select a field in which cumin farming has not been taken up at least during last 3 to 4 years It is cultivated in mild climatic conditions. Cumin crop does not grow well in humid and heavy rainfall condition Dry and cooler climate is ideal for cumin cultivation High humidity during flowering and fruiting period there is high risk of diseases.

8. LAND PREPARATION Soil should be brought to fine tillage by one deep ploughing followed by 2-3 light ploughings Pre –showing irrigation should be given. MANURES AND FERTILIZERS : FYM@15-20 tones/ ha may be applied as during the land preparation (N:P:K)kg/ha 15:20:15 N@15kg/ha should be at 30 days after sowing

9. SOWING TIME Mid November –mid December SOWING METHOD : Seeds may be sown either by broadcasting method or in lines. The seeds were sown in lines drawn at distance of 22.5to 25cm Seed should not be sown more than 1.0 cm depth the seeds should be covered tightly by soil with the help of iron teeth wakes.

10. SEED RATE: 12 -15 kg /ha IRRIGATION First: light irrigation immediately after sowing . Second :8-10 days after sowing. Third :15-20 days depending upon moisture condition of soil. Avoid irrigation at time of grain filling. WEEDING To facilitate proper growth of crop, the first weeding and hoeing should be done 30-40 days after sowing when the plant attain a height of 4-5 cm. Pre-emergence application of Pendimethalin @1kg /ha followed by one hand weeding .

11. HARVESTING: Crop mature in 80-120 days after sowing depending upon variety and agro-climatic conditions. Harvest the crop when the steam becomes yellow and leaves fall and seeds turn light grayish brown Harvesting is done by cutting the cumin by plant with sickle After the sun drying seeds can be separated by light beating with sticks. Yield is about 6-8q/ha depending upon variety PROCESSING: The separated seeds are cleaned using sieve and filled in gunny bags. Generally cumin seeds are processed after drying in sun. The seeds should be dried to a moisture level of 8.5-9%. The harvested stock of cumin can also be dried to at 60°c . Mechanical drying is quick and prevents losses of the seeds.

12. CUMIN : DISEASES AND SYMPTOMES: Wilt Powdery mildew Alternaria blight Damping off Disease symptoms of wilt: Disease produces wilting symptoms at seedling and later stage of plant growth

13. Disease symptoms:Powdery mildew: The crop is usually attacked by disease at flowering stage in cloudy weather during February-March . Disease symptoms:Alternaria blight: Disease appears during warm humid weather at flowering stage and seed cannot mature to full size.

14. Disease symptoms:Damping off: Damping off occurs in two stages, i.e. the pre-emergence and the post-emergence phase. In the pre-emergence phase seeds get rotted and the seedlings are killed just before they reach the soil surface.