CURRENT SCENERIO OF PLANT BASED FORMULATION INDUSTRY INSTITUTION.pptx

CURRENT SCENERIO OF PLANT BASED FORMULATION INDUSTRY INSTITUTION.

1. CURRENT SCENARIO OF PLANT BASED FORMULATION INDUSTRY INSTITUTION IN INDIA GUIDED BY: DR.ANANTHA NAGAPPA NAIK DR.K.S.CHANDRASHEKAR PRESENTED BY : B.JYOTSHNA DEVI

2. INTRODUCTION Generally the terms “medicinal plants” and “herbs” are used interchangeably. The traditional or popular name of medicinal plants varies from country to region depending on the historical and cultural aspects.

3. WHO DEFINITIONS Herbs include crude plant material such as leaves, flowers, fruit, seed, stems, wood, bark, roots, rhizomes or other plant parts, which may be entire, fragmented or powdered. Herbal materials include, in addition to herbs, fresh juices, gums, fixed oils, essential oils, resins.

4. Herbal preparations are produced from herbal materials by extraction, fractionation, purification, concentration, or other physical or biological processes. Finished herbal products consist of herbal preparations made from one or more herbs. Herbal medicines include herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations and finished herbal products, used for medicinal purposes .

5. CURRENT SCENARIO

6. Use of herbal medicines is wide spread in developing as well as developed countries. Export–Import Bank reports reveal that the global trade of plant-derived and plant originated products is around US $60 billion (with growth of 7% per annum) where India holds stake of US $1 billion which is expected to reach 3 trillion US$ by the end of 2015.

7. Biodiversity

8. Only about 10% of the known medicinal plants of India are restricted to non-forest habitats. According to a report , one fifth of all the plants found in India are used for medicinal purpose. Traditional and folklore healers are sometimes said to have learned by observing animals. It has been observed that sick animals prefer to eat bitter herbs that they would normally reject.

9. Percentage demand of 20 major medicinal plants in the Indian market

10. A ( Embilica offincinalis ) B ( Asparagus racemosus , Withani somnifera , Terminalia chebula , Saraca asoca ) C ( Adhatoda Vasica , Cassia angustifolia , Aegle marmelose ) D ( Piper longum , Bacopa monieri , Sida cordifolia , Ocimum sanctum ) E ( Bambusa bambos , Boerhaavia diffusa, Azadirachta indica , Solanum nigrerum , Andrographis paniculata , Tinospora cordifolia ) F ( others )

11. MARKET SIZE

12. The domestic market for ayurvedic , herbal and plant based products is estimated to be around Rs. 3000 crores , growing at 15-20% p.a. The share of prescription formulations is only 20% of the total market, the balance 80% being accounted for by OTC products. The sales of crude herbal drugs and extracts are of the order of Rs. 350-400 crores .

13. HERBS AS SOURCE The word drug itself comes from the Swedish word “drug”, which means 'dried plant'. examples are quinine from the ‘Cinchona', morphine and codeine from the ‘Poppy', and digoxin from the ‘Foxglove'. The active ingredient in Willow bark, salacin , or salicylic acid led to the development of aspirin, acetyl-salicylic acid, originally a trade name, patented by Bayer.

14. MARKET OF MEDICINAL PLANTS Market (US$ billion) Share (%) Global 16.5 100 Europe 7.5 45 Germany 3.6 22 France 1.8 11 Italy 0.8 5 UK 0.5 3 Spain 0.3 2 Holland 0.1 1 Others 0.4 2 North America 4.0 25 Asia 4.0 25

15. MEDICINAL PLANT BASED INDUSTRIES IN INDIGENOUS SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

16. Herbal industry uses about 8000 medicinal plants. However , none of the pharma has standardized herbal medicines using active compounds as markers linked with confirmation of bioactivy of herbal drugs in experimental animal models .

17. The annual turnover of indian herbal industry was estimated around us$300 million. In 1998-1999, it again went up to us$31.7 million. In 1999-2000, the total turn over was us$48.9 million.

18. MANUFACTURER OF HERBAL FORMULATION S.NO. NAME OF COMPANY 1 Ansar drug laboratories, Surat 2 Acis labratories , kanpur 3 Allen laboratories, kolkata 4 Dabur India ltd, Gaziabad 5 Herbals Pvt Ltd, patna 6 Herbo (p) Ltd, Kolkata 7 The Himalaya drug Co, Bangalore 8 Indian herbs and research supply Co, Saharnpur 9 Zandu pharmaceuticl works L td, Mumbai 10 Baidya nath ayurveda bhavan , Jhansi 11 Charak pharmaceuticals, Mumbai 12 Kruzer herbal, New Dehli 13 Hamdard ( Wakf ) laboratories, Dehli

19. TRADE IN MEDICINAL PLANTS

20. There is a vast, secretive and largely unregulated trade in medicinal plants, mainly from the wild, which continues to grow dramatically in the absence of serious policy enforcement and/or environmental planning.

21. MEDICINAL PLANT PARTS EXPORTED FROM INDIA Botanical names Parts used Acrus calamas Rhizome Argemone mexicana Fruit Curcuma amada Rhizome Curcuma longa Rhizome Curcuma aromatica Wild leaves Cassia lanceolata Leaves Glycyrrhiza glabra Roots Withania somnifera Vegetable rennets Myrica nagi Leaf Piper longum Fruit Terminalia chebula Bark and seeds

22. India dominates the world market in production and export of Psyllium husk and seeds. India exports 80% of the psyllium available in the world market. The United States is the world's largest importer of psyllium "husk" with over 60% of total imports going to pharmaceutical firms. Metamucil , is India's single largest customer.

23. EXPORT GROWTH RATE IN 1999-2000

24. SAFETY OF HERBALS Safety issues related to herbal medicine are complex: possible toxicity of herbal constituents, presence of contaminants or adulterants, and potential interactions between herbs and prescription drugs.

25. EXAMPLES: kava (Piper methysticum ) is anxiolytic causes liver damage.. Extracts of St. John's wort ( Hypericum perforatum ) act as an enzyme inducer ,but lead to a reduction of the plasma level of several conventional drugs. herbal medicines (particularly Asian herbal mixtures )been shown to be contaminated with heavy metals, contain misidentified herbal ingredients that turned out to be toxic.

26. EFFICACY

27. QUALITY The quality of herbal medicines is often suboptimal. One reason for this is that they are not adequately regulated, and many experts are calling for a change in this situation. Cost-evaluations of herbal medicine are not available, so they cannot form the basis for clinical decisions.

28. EXAMPLES OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS AND META-ANALYSES OF HERBAL REMEDIES Common name Active ingredient Indication No.of trials Feverfew Parthenolide Migraine prevention 5(3positive,2 negative) Garlic Alliin Hypercholest - erolemia 13(positive) Ginkgo Ginkgolides,Bilobalide Intermittent claudication 8(positive) Horse chestnut Triterpene saponins Chronic insufficiency 8/5(8 trail vs 5placebo) Peppermint oil Menthol Symptoms of irritable bowelsyndrome 8(positive)

29. PATIENT REPORTED OUTCOMES Patient–Reported Outcomes (PROs) is the term used to denote health data that is provided by the patient through a system of reporting. Patient's feedback PROs can also be measured when patients are undergoing treatment or are participating in a clinical trial.

30. PRO data are especially important to evaluating the effectiveness of health care for conditions which have no cure, as the goal of treatment therapy is to improve patients’ abilities to function and to reduce symptoms associated with the condition. For herbal drugs it is not that convencing due to insufficiency of knowledge of drug interaction and their usual use considering them safe.

31. HERBAL PATENTING IN INDIA Developing countries have started exploring the ethnopharmacological approach of drug discovery and have begun to file patents on herbal drugs. Pharmaceutical companies such as Ranbaxy, Lupin and Panacea Biotec are increasingly patenting on herbal drugs. There is increased patenting activity related to diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, asthma and arthritis in India and abroad.

32. List of indigenous plants of India which were patented in other countries Name Biological source Patent no: patentee purpose Kumari Aloe barbadensis 5652265 Michael Collins Medicine Amaltas Cassia fistula 5411733 Toyoharu , Japan Antiviral Harad Terminalia chebula 5529778 Surendra Rastogi , India Ayurvedic importance Aswagandha Withania somnifera 5466452 Whittle, USA Skin disorder

33. INSTITUTIONS / CENTRES WORKING ON INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

34. Name City CCRAS (Central Council for Research in Ayurveda and Siddha ) New Delhi RRL (Regional Research Laboratory) (CSIR) Jammu-Tawi NBRI (National Botanical Research Institute) (CSIR) Lucknow Gujarat Ayurveda University Jamnagar Bhavan’s SPARC Mumbai National Institute of Ayurveda Jaipur ACARTS Mumbai Arya Vaidya Shala Kottakal Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences Pune Banaras Hindu University Varanasi

35. CIMAP (Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants) Lucknow ICMR (Indian Coucil for Medical Research) New Delhi National Medicinal Plants Board New Delhi Zandu Foundation Mumbai Pharmexcil Hyderabad Chemexcil Mumbai CDRI (Central Drug Researech Institute) (CSIR) Lucknow ADMA ( Ayurvedic Drug Manufacturing Association) Mumbai Indian Drug Manufacturers Mumbai Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR) Belgaum

36. FUTURE STRATEGIES/ PERSPECTIVES FOR INDIAN HERBAL MEDICINE

37. The plants used in the Indian Systems of Medicine are of interest to find new leads for treating different diseases. P hytochemical profiling, quality controls and standardization of raw materials and finished products, clinical trials, herbal therapeutics, and herbal pharmacovigilance will not only help to prove the rationale of using these systems but also to get maximum benefits of the natural resources.

38. Proper methodologies for the research and development, manufacturing and quality control for the plant based formulations and investigations of therapeutic potentials of plants used in Ayurveda , with the support of scientific methods may help to use these health products with maximum possible efficacy.

39. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 . Pandey M.M., Rastogi S. & Rawat A.K: Indian Herbal Drug for General Healthcare: An Overview. The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine . 2008 Volume 6 Number 1 2. Schilter B, Andersson C, Anton R, Constable A, Kleiner J, Brien JO, Renwick AG, Korver O, Smit F, Walker R (2003) Food Chem Toxicol 41: 1625-1649. 3. Mathur A (2003) Who owns Traditional Knowledge? Working Paper No. 96 In: Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, January, p. 1-33. 4. Edzard Ernest ; Prescribing herbal medications appropriately; find article.com. 5. Ashok D.B., Vaidya and Thomas P.A.; Current status of herbal drugs in India: an overview; JCBN 2007. 6. www.differencebetween.com