CVC lung liver and spleen.pptx

patho histo

1. C VC - L IV E R

2. H Y PER E M IA & C O NG E STI O N  Hype r e m i a is an i n c r ea s e i n v ol u m e of blo o d in a p a r ti c ul a r t is s u e .  I ts a n “ a c t ive p r o c e s s ” , th e in c r ea s ed bl oo d in f lu x r es u l ts f r o m a rt e r i o l ar di la t at i o n .  C o nge s ti o n, a l s o k n own as “ pa s sive h ype r e mi a ”, r es u l ts d u e to s t a g na t io n o f bl oo d b e c a us e of v e n o u s obs t r u c t i o n .

3. D o w n l o a de d f r o m : R ob b i ns & C o t r a n P a th o l o g ic B as i s of D i s e a s e ( on 2 7 J u ne 2 00 5 7 :2 6 PM ) © 2 05 El s ev i er Normal

4. a . A c t ive H yp e r e m i a (a rt e ri a l ) : is an a c t i v e pr o ce s s r e s ul t ing f r o m i n c r ea s e d a r ter ia l b l o od inf l ow b e c au s e of a r terio l ar di l atat io n. - T h e affected ti ss ue is r e dde n ed b e cau s e of e n g org e m e n t of ti ss u e s w it h oxy g e n ated b lo o d. b. P a s s i ve h y p e r e m i a (C o n g e s t i o n) is a pas s iv e proc e ss r e s ul t ing f r o m impaired ve n o us outf l o w f r o m a tiss u e . - T h e affected ti ss ue has a r ed- b lue co l o r due t o a ccu m u la tio n of d e o xy g e n a ted b l o o d.

5. P A S S I V E H Y P ER EM IA OR C O N G E STION D e f in it ion: In c r e a s e in ven o u s bl oo d in an o rgan as r e s ul t of o b s t r u c ti o n o f v e n o u s o u t f l o w . T h e v e i n s, ve n ul es & c api l la r i es in t h e o r g an b e c o me pa s siv el y d il a ted ( p a s s ive h yp e r e mia ) . T y p e s: L o c a l iz e d Ge n e r a l iz e d

6. D o w n l o a de d f r o m : R ob b i ns & C o t r a n P a th o l o g ic B as i s of D i s e a s e ( on 2 7 J u ne 2 00 5 7 :2 6 PM ) © 2 05 El s ev i er Con g e s t i on

7. Ch r o n ic v en o u s c o n g e s ti on ( C VC ) :-  I n C VC t h e re is l o n g s t a n ding a c c u m ul a t io n o f de o xyge n a t ed bl oo d & h e n ce t h e r e is da m a g e t o t h e ti s s u e.

8. M ec h an i s m HE A R T F A I L U R E left he a r t f ailu r e ri ght h e a r t f ailu r e P r es s u r e i n t o P ul m o n a r y ve i n p r essu r e i n t o t h e sys t e m ic ve n ous sys t e m C V C LUN G S C V C LI V ER SPL E EN K IDNEY

9. CVC L i ver C a u se s : - Ri gh t h e a r t f a i l u r e O cc lu s i o n o f in f e r i o r vena c a va o r p o r t al v e i n . G R O S S A P P E A R AN CE : - NUTMEG A P P E ARAN C E – A l te r n a t e a r e as of r ed & ye ll o w .

10. Pathological Features of Chronic Venous Congestion ( Liver ) 1.Liver Gross Picture: The liver is enlarged , firm and the cut surface shows alternating dark areas of congestion with pale areas of fatty change , giving the liver the nutmeg appearance. •• • •II••••••• o "'" ol'"'" j , ,.,, Nutmeg cut surface of the liver (dark areas of congestion alternating with pale areas of fatty change)

11. NUTMEG LIVER Section of liver showing alternating pale and dark areas with a nutmeg like appearance possibly due to passive congestion secondary to right sided heart failure.

12. C V C L iv e r (MICRO)  B l oo d f il l s u p t h e ce n t r al v e in & s i n u s oi d s a r o u n d it . F o l l ow e d b y ce n t r i lo b u l ar h ep a t o cy t e a t r o p h y and ne c r o sis.  In t h e l o ng s t andi n g c a s e s t h e n ec r o tic a r e a is r ep l a c ed b y fi b r o u s t is s u e .  T h e mid z o n a l h ep a t oc ytes m a y s h o w f a tty c h a n ge d u e to r e l a t ive h ypo xi a . T h e a r eas with bl oo d a ppe a rs r ed & a re a s wi t h f ib r o sis a p pe a r s whi t i s h ye ll o w- N UTM E G A P P E ARAN C E .

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