CYBER JOURNALISM

SOME DETAILS ABOUT CYBER JOURNALISM-ONLINE NEWSPAPERS,BLOGS..ETC

1. CYBER JOURNALISM

2. AN INTRODUCTION TO CYBER JOURNALISM Cyber journalism or Digital journalism  also known as  online journalism  is a contemporary form of journalism where editorial content is distributed via the  Internet  as opposed to publishing via  print  or  broadcast . The primary product of journalism, which is news and features on current affairs, is presented solely or in combination as  text ,  audio ,  video , or some  interactive forms  like  newsgames , and disseminated through  digital media  technology.

3. Fewer   barriers to entry , lowered distribution costs, and diverse   computer networking  technologies have led to the widespread practice of Cyber journalism. It has democratized the flow of information that was previously controlled by traditional media including newspapers, magazines, radio, and television . A greater degree of creativity can be exercised with Cyber journalism when compared to traditional journalism and traditional media.

4. EARLY DAYS The first type of Online journalism, called  Teletext , was invented in the UK in 1970. Teletext is a system allowing viewers to choose which stories they wish to read and see it immediately. The information provided through Teletext is brief and instant, similar to the information seen in Online journalism today. The information was broadcast between the frames of a television signal in what was called the Vertical Blanking Interval or VBI.

5. After the invention of Teletext was the invention of  Videotex , of which  Prestel  was the world's first system, launching commercially in 1979  with various British newspapers such as The Financial Times lining up to deliver newspaper stories online through it . Videotex closed down in 1986 due to failing to meet end-user demand.

6. American newspaper companies took notice of the new technology and created their own Videotex systems, the largest and most ambitious being Viewtron , a service of Knight-Ridder launched in 1981. Others were Keycom in Chicago and Gateway in Los Angeles. All of them had closed by 1986.

7. ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE JOURNALISM Online journalism allows for connection and discussion at levels that print does not offer on its own. People can comment on articles and start discussion boards to discuss articles. Before the Internet, spontaneous discussion between readers who had never met was impossible. The process of discussing a news item is a big portion of what makes for Online journalism. People add to the story and connect with other people who want to discuss the topic.

8. Online journalism creates an opportunity for  niche audiences , allowing people to have more options as to what to view and read. Online journalism opens up new ways of storytelling; through the technical components of the new medium, Online journalists can provide a variety of media, such as  audio ,  video , and  digital photography .

9. Online journalism represents a revolution of how news is consumed by society. Online sources are able to provide quick, efficient, and accurate  reporting  of breaking news in a matter of seconds, providing society with a synopsis of events as they occur. Throughout the development of the event, journalists are able to feed online sources the information keeping readers up-to-date in mere seconds.

10. PITFALLS IN ONLINE JOURNALISM The speed in which a story can be posted can affect the accuracy of the reporting in a way that doesn't usually happen in Print journalism. Before the emergence of Online journalism the printing process took much more time, allowing for the discovery and correction of errors. News consumers must become Web literate and use  critical thinking  to evaluate the credibility of sources. Because it is possible for anyone to write articles and post them on the Internet, the definition of journalism is changing.

11. Because it is becoming increasingly simple for the average person to have an impact in the news world through tools like blogs and even comments on news stories on reputable  news websites , it becomes increasingly difficult to sift through the  massive amount of information  coming in from the digital area of journalism.

12. There are great advantages with Online journalism and the new  blogging  evolution that people are becoming accustomed to, but there are disadvantages. For instance, people are used to what they already know and can't always catch up quickly with the new technologies in the 21st century. The goals of print and Online journalism are the same, although different tools are needed to function. The interaction between the writer and consumer is new, and this can be credited to Online journalism. There are many ways to get personal thoughts on the Web.

13. There are some disadvantages to this, however, the main one being  factual information . There is a pressing need for accuracy in Online journalism, and until they find a way to press accuracy, they will still face some criticism . One major dispute regards the credibility of these online news websites. A Online journalism credibility study performed by the  Online News Association  compares the online public credibility ratings to actual media respondent credibility ratings. Looking at a variety of online media sources, the study found that overall the public saw online media as more credible than it actually is.

14. The effects of Online journalism are evident worldwide. This form of journalism has pushed journalists to reform and evolve. Older journalists who are not tech savvy have felt the blunt force of this. In recent months, a number of older journalists have been pushed out and younger journalists brought in because of their lower cost and ability to work in advanced technology settings.

15. ONLINE NEWSPAPERS An   online newspaper  is the  online  version of a  newspaper , either as a stand-alone publication or as the online version of a printed  periodical . Going online created more opportunities for newspapers, such as competing with  broadcast journalism  in presenting  breaking news  in a more timely manner. The credibility and strong brand recognition of well established newspapers, and the close relationships they have with advertisers, are also seen by many in the newspaper industry as strengthening their chances of survival. 

16. The movement away from the printing process can also help decrease costs. Online newspapers, like printed newspapers, have legal restrictions regarding libel, privacy and copyright, also apply to online publications in most countries as in the UK .   OTHER ONLINE NEWSPAPERS indiatimes Dainik Bhaskar NDTV The Indian Express The Hindu rediff NEWS Google News ….etc

17. BLOG A  blog  is a discussion or informational  website  published on the web consisting of discrete, often informal  diary -style text entries ("posts"). Posts are typically displayed in reverse chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the web page. Until 2009, blogs were usually the work of a single individual, occasionally of a small group, and often covered a single subject or topic.

18. In the 2010s, "multi-author blogs" (MABs) have developed, with posts written by large numbers of authors and sometimes professionally edited. MABs from  newspapers , other media outlets,  universities ,  think tanks ,  advocacy groups , and similar institutions account for an increasing quantity of blog traffic. The rise of  Twitter  and other " microblogging " systems helps integrate MABs and single-author blogs into the news media. 

19. The emergence and growth of blogs in the late 1990s coincided with the advent of web publishing tools that facilitated the posting of content by non-technical users who did not have much experience with  HTML  or  computer programming . Previously, knowledge of such technologies as  HTML  and  File Transfer Protocol  had been required to publish content on the Web, and as such, early Web users tended to be  hackers  and computer enthusiasts.

20. In the 2010s, the majority are interactive  Web 2.0  websites, allowing visitors to leave online comments, and it is this interactivity that distinguishes them from other static websites. Blogging can be seen as a form of  social networking service . Indeed, bloggers do not only produce content to post on their blogs, but also often build social relations with their readers and other bloggers. However, there are high-readership blogs which do not allow comments.

21. Many blogs provide commentary on a particular subject or topic, ranging from politics to sports. Others function as more personal  online diaries , and others function more as  online brand advertising  of a particular individual or company. A typical blog combines text, digital images, and links to other blogs,  web pages , and other media related to its topic. The ability of readers to leave publicly viewable comments, and interact with other commenter’s, is an important contribution to the popularity of many blogs.

22. However , blog owners or authors often moderate and filter online comments to remove  hate speech  or other offensive content . Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art ( art blogs ), photographs ( photoblogs ), videos ( video blogs  or " vlogs "), music ( MP3 blogs ), and audio ( podcasts ). In education, blogs can be used as instructional resources. These blogs are referred to as  edublogs .  Micro blogging  is another type of blogging, featuring very short posts.

23. On 16 February 2011, there were over 156 million public blogs in existence. On 20 February 2014, there were around 172 million  Tumblr  and 75.8 million  WordPress  blogs in existence worldwide. According to critics and other bloggers,  Blogger  is the most popular blogging service used today. However, Blogger does not offer public statistics.  Technorati  lists 1.3 million blogs as of February 22, 2014.

24. OTHER FAMOUS BLOGS TechCrunch Mashable Gizmodo Engadget Gawker Boing Boing Lifehacker