Cyclodextrin and its apllications PPD SEM8

Alpha Cyclodextrins.
They are also known as Alpha dextrin, Cyclohexamylose etc.

Having formula C36H60O30 with molecular weight if 972.

It has a diameter of 6A° which easily can hold small molecules with fewer carbon atoms like benzene derivatives, phenyl ring etc.
It has a solubility of 14.2gm/100ml at 25°C.
Irritating after I.m. Administration.
Beta Cyclodextrins.
These are also known as Beta-dextrin, cycloheptamylose etc.

Having formula C42H70O35 with molecular weight of 1135.

It has a diameter of 7A° which is able to bind to small organic molecules and Halogens like Bromine, Iodine etc.
It has solubility of 1.85gm/100ml at 25°C.
Relatively very less irritating.
Its less expensive, least soluble, poor flow and causes nephrotoxicity. Piroxicam, fenbrufen, Ibuprofen can be used to deliver.

Gamma Cyclodextrins
These are also known as Gamma dextrin, Cycloctamylose Etc.
Having formula C48H80O40 with molecular weight of 1297.
It has a diameter of 9-11A° which is able to bind to large organic molecules. Benzodiazepines and digoxin can be delivered.
It has very high solubility of 23.2gm/100ml at 25°C.
It has low toxicity.

1. Cyclodextrins And Their Applications.

2. Introduction Synonym : Cellulosine . Cyclodextrin are family of compounds made up of sugar molecules bound together in a ring. These are enzymatically modified starches by action of enzyme Cyclodextrin GlucosylTransferase ( CGTase ) upon starch. These are linked by 1,4 linked oligosaccharides of glucopyranose .

3. They are White, Colourless, Fine crystalline, Odourless but sweet in taste. Cyclodextrins forms a bucket like rigid structure having a hydrophobic central Cavity and hydrophilic outer body. The structure provides ability to form inclusion complexes with a number of compound by entrapping their molecules inside the cyclodextrin cavity and act as a host to deliver. It improves solubility, Stability, Dissolution rate and decreases volatility.

4. Synthesis The production is simple and involves treatment of ordinary starch with cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase( CGTase ) is employed along with amylase. First starch is liquefied either by heat treatment or using amylase, then CGTase is added for enzymatic conversion CGTase can synthesize all forms of cyclodextrin . Methods used: Physical blending, solvent evaporation, Microwave Irradiation, kneading, Co-precipitation etc Drug Release: CDs enable delivery of poorly water-soluble and chemically-unstable drugs to the body. CDs are susceptible to acid hydrolysis at low pH resulting in ring opening and formation of various linear oligosaccharides and glucose units and thus releasing the drug molecules.

5. Alpha Cyclodextrins. They are also known as Alpha dextrin, Cyclohexamylose etc. Having formula C 36 H 60 O 30 with molecular weight if 972. It has a diameter of 6A° which easily can hold small molecules with fewer carbon atoms like benzene derivatives, phenyl ring etc. It has a solubility of 14.2gm/100ml at 25°C. Irritating after I.m . Administration. Beta Cyclodextrins. These are also known as Beta-dextrin, cycloheptamylose etc. Having formula C 42 H 70 O 35 with molecular weight of 1135. It has a diameter of 7A° which is able to bind to small organic molecules and Halogens like Bromine, Iodine etc. It has solubility of 1.85gm/100ml at 25°C. Relatively very less irritating. Its less expensive, least soluble, poor flow and causes nephrotoxicity. Piroxicam , fenbrufen, Ibuprofen can be used to deliver.

6. Gamma Cyclodextrins These are also known as Gamma dextrin, Cycloctamylose Etc. Having formula C 48 H 80 O 40 with molecular weight of 1297. It has a diameter of 9-11A° which is able to bind to large organic molecules. Benzodiazepines and digoxin can be delivered. It has very high solubility of 23.2gm/100ml at 25°C. It has low toxicity.

7. Characteristics Alpha - CD Beta - CD Gamma - CD Glucose units 6 7 8 Molecular weight 972 1135 1297 Channel diameter 6A° 7-8A° 9-11A° Guest Molecules Benzene derivative Bromine Iodine Iodine, large molecules. Water solubility (Gm/100ml at 25°C) 14.2 1.85 23.2 Melting Range °C 255-260 255-265 240-245

8. Modified Cyclodextrins. Chemical or Enzymatic modification enhances properties. Eg . Glucosyl , maltosyl , hydroxypropyl , hydroxyethyl etc. Orally administered cyclodextrin are non toxic due to low absorption from the GIT. The most safe cyclodextrin includes. i ) Hydroxypropyl B- cyclodextrin (HPCD) ii) SulfobutyletherB-cyclodextrin (SBECD) Ex. Carbmazepine aqueous solubility was increased 2500fold with HPBCD complexation.

9. Applications. Cyclodextrin mainly are used to as complexing agent to increase solubility, Gastriointestinal drug irritation and prevents interactions. As well as other masks taste, Hygroscopicity , physical and chemical properties. 1) Pharmaceutical Industry S odium Valproate and phenytoin with CD stabilizes the drug against moisture Piroxicam -CD and Griseofulvin - CD inclusion complex increases dissolution rates and absorption. HPbCD and SBEbCD are widely used in parentals .

10. 2) Food Industry CD are used as stabilizers for flavoring agents and masks odour and taste. 3) Cosmetic Industry- To stabilize chemically labile products, irritation etc. 4) Dispersed Systems CD are used in Emulsions, Suspensions, Microspheres, Microcapsules, niosomes , liposomes etc.

11. Side effects/ Toxicity. Nephrotoxicity Neurological symptoms ( Ataxia, Tremors, loss of muscle tone, loss of vision) Irritation at site of administration. Digestive Problems such as Diarrhoea.

12. Reference; https://www.slideshare.net https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov https://www.sciencedirect.com Dr. Ashok A Hazare – Pharmaceutical Product Development( Nirali Publication) PgNo . 2.12.