Cyclosporine

Antibiotics synthesised by fungus

2. We’ll discuss the following:
Introduction.
History of Cyclosporine.
Scientific Classification.
Structure of Cyclosporine.
Uses of cyclosporine.
Plaque Psoriasis Patients.
How Does Cyclosporine Work?
Negative Effects of Cyclosporine.
Forms of Cyclosporine.

3. Introduction
is animmunosuppressantdrugwidely used inorgan
transplantationto preventrejection.
It reduces the activity of theimmune systemby interfering
with the activity and growth ofT cells.
It was initially isolated from the fungusTolypocladium
inflatum(Beauverianivea), found in a soil sample.
Most peptides are synthesized by ribosomes, but
ciclosporinis a cyclic nonribosomalpeptide of
11 amino acids and contains a single D-amino acid,
which are rarely encountered in nature.

4. History of Cyclosporine
Comes from the fungus Tolypocladiuminflatumwhich was
discovered in 1970.
Tolypocladiuminflatumwas isolated from Norwegian soil samples.
Found to be immunosuppressant--cyclosporine in 1976 by J. F. Borel
Cyclosporine was approved for use in 1983 to prevent graft
rejection in transplants.
Approved for the treatment of severe psoriasis in 1997.

5. Scientific Classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Asomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Subclass: Sordariomycetidae
Order: Hypocreales
Family: Ophiocordycipitaceae
Genus: Tolypocladium
Species: T. inflatum

6. Structure of Cyclosporine
It was shown to have 11 amino acids
and was determined to play a
significant role in organ transplants.
Cyclic polypeptide .
Ciclosporinis synthesized by anon-
ribosomal peptidesynthetase,
ciclosporinsynthetase.

7. Uses of cyclosporine
Is an immunosuppressant which suppress or reduce the strength of the
immune system
Cyclosporine is used to prevent transplant rejection in people who have
undergone kidney, heart and liver transplants.
It is approved in the US for the treatment ofrheumatoid arthritis,
severepsoriasisand as anophthalmic emulsionfor the treatment ofdry eyes
(Restasis).
Also used in severeatopic dermatitis ,Kimura's disease,pyoderma
gangrenosum, chronic autoimmuneurticaria

8. Plaque Psoriasis Patients
Plaque psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that is partially due to an
overactive immune system. It causes the body to grow skin cells at a rapid rate
causing these skin cells to pile on top of each other forming red patches---plaque.
In 1997, the Federal Drug administration approved Neoral(cyclosporine) for the
treatment of patients with severe psoriasis.
Usage of cyclosporine suppresses the growth of skin cells
Only used for SEVERE plaque psoriasis if prior methotrexate use is insufficient.
Cyclosporine is highly effective in clearing psoriasis and can prevent relapse.
Not recommended for people who have a weak immune system since cyclosporine
is an immunosuppresant.
Side effects
Kidney problems
High BP
Skin cancer

9. How Does Cyclosporine Work?
As cyclosporine enters the body, it suppresses T-cell
function.
Reducing T-cell function will enable successful
transplantation since T cells purpose of function is to kill
off objects viewed as foreign.
Cyclosporine reduces the T cell function without
affecting B cell function and the production of
antibodies. Therefore, suppressing T-cell function allows
for the transplanted organ to be accepted without a
problem.
Not all organ transplants will be rejected by the body.
However, cyclosporine is used as precautionary
measures.

10. Negative Effects of Cyclosporine
Because cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant, it may cause patients to
be vulnerable to OTHER health problems. IT IS VERY TOXIC!!!
Usage of cyclosporine may cause high BP, kidney problems. It also
encourages cancerous tumor growth.
Side effects: headache, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, upset stomach,
cramps, increased hair growth, tremor, swollen/red/painful gums,
dizziness.
Serious side effects: dark urine, persistent nausea/vomiting, severe
stomach/abdominal pain, yellowing of the skin/eyes, vomit that looks like
coffee grounds, change in the appearance or size of skin moles/lesions,
changes in skin color, loss of consciousness, mental/mood changes,
vision changes, swollen glands, unusual lumps,night sweats

11. Forms of Cyclosporine
This medicine is usually given 4 to 12 hours before organ
transplantation via needle placed in a vein
Comes in the form of oral capsule and solution (liquid)
Solution must be mixed with a liquid such as orange juice or milk.
NO GRAPE FRUIT OR GRAPEFRUIT JUICE!!!
Comes in the brand name Gengraf, Neoral, SandimmuneCapsules,
SandimmuneOral solution

12. Done by:
Mohammed AbdoAmer
Ahmed AdeebAl-Shami
IdreesAbdul-Rahman Al-Hassani
Mohammed Al-Ahnomi
Jalal Mo3eedh Khamousi
Assad Al-Najjar
Ahmed Saleh Al-Farrari
Supervised by:
Dr. Hassan A. Al-Shamahy