Cyprinus carpio

1. Biology Glossary Search (e.g. epibenthic)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 90363)
Vulnerable (VU) (A2ce)
Threat to humans
Potential pest
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Cyprinus carpio carpio Linnaeus, 1758
Common carp
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Cyprinus carpio carpio
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Classification / Names
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Cyprininae
Etymology: Cyprinus: Latin, cyprinus = carp (Ref. 45335); carpio carpio: carpio is the latinized form of carp (Ref. 1998).
cyprinus is the old world name for the carp (Ref. 10294).
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL
Main reference
Kottelat, M. and J. Freyhof. 2007. (Ref. 59043)
References | Coordinator | Collaborators
Size / Weight / Age
Max length : 110 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 59043); common length : 31.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3561); max. published
weight: 40.1 kg (Ref. 72380); max. reported age: 38 years (Ref. 72479)
Length at first maturity
L
m 35.1, range 25 - ? cm
Environment
Freshwater; brackish; benthopelagic; pH range: 7.0 - 7.5; dH range: 10 - 15; potamodromous (Ref. 51243)
Climate / Range
Subtropical; 3°C - 35°C (Ref. 12741); 60°N - 40°N
Distribution
Europe to Asia: Black, Caspian and Aral Sea basins. Introduced throughout the world. Wild stocks are only present naturally in
rivers draining to the Black, Caspian and Aral Sea (Ref. 59043). A reophilic wild population in the Danube is assumed to be the
origin of the European species; this population is now under threat (Ref. 13696).
Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Introductions
Short description
Dorsal spines (total): 3 - 4; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17-23; Anal spines: 2-3; Anal soft rays: 5 - 6; Vertebrae: 36 - 37.
Diagnosed from other cyprinid species in Europe by having the following characters: 2 pairs of barbels; dorsal fin with 15-20½
branched rays; caudal fin deeply emarginate (Ref. 59043). Pharyngeal teeth 1, 1, 3:3, 1,1, robust, molar-like with crown
flattened or somewhat furrowed. Scales large and thick. `Wild carp ' is generally distinguished by its less stocky build with height
of body 1:3.2-4.8 in standard length. Very variable in form, proportions, squamation, development of fins, and color. Caudal fin
with 3 spines and 17-19 rays (Ref. 2196). Last simple anal ray bony and serrated posteriorly; 4 barbels; 17-20 branched
dorsal rays; body grey to bronze (Ref. 43281). Also Ref. 3398, 3410.
Adults inhabit warm, deep, slow-flowing and still waters such as lowland rivers and large, well vegetated lakes (Ref. 59043).
Hardy and tolerant of a wide variety of conditions but generally favor large water bodies with slow flowing or standing water
and soft bottom sediments. Thrive in large turbid rivers (Ref. 1998). Most active at dusk and dawn. Both adults and juveniles
feed on a variety of benthic organisms and plant material. Spawns along shores or in backwaters. Adults often undertake
considerable spawning migration to suitable backwaters and flooded meadows. Larvae survive only in very warm water among
shallow submerged vegetation. River regulation and hybridization with domesticated stocks, East Asian congeners and their
hybrids have caused continuous decline of wild populations (Ref. 59043). Utilized fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987). Aquarium
keeping: in groups of 5 or more individuals; minimum aquarium size >200 cm; not recommended for home aquariums (Ref.
51539).
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2. Countries
FAO areas
Ecosystems
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Introductions
Stocks
Ecology
Diet
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Mass conversion
Entered by Luna, Susan M.
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Vulnerability (Ref. 59153)
Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100)
Price category (Ref. 80766)
Unknown
Human uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: commercial
FAO(Aquaculture: production, fisheries: production) | FisheriesWiki | Sea Around Us |
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Internet sources
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Fishing | Zoological Record | Fishtrace
Estimation of some characteristics with mathematical models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805)
PD
50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278)
3.0 s.e. 0.3 Based on diet studies.
Resilience (Ref. 69278)
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.10-0.30; tm=1-3; tmax=20; Fec=36,000-2,000,000)
Modified by Luna, Susan M.
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