Cystic fibrosis in children power point presentation

cystic fibrosis

1. Cystic fibrosis Dr Arshad khan, Assistant professor, department of pediatric medicine

2. Definition and Prevalence Definition: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems Prevalence: 1 in 2,500 to 1 in 3,500 births in the US

3. Causes and Genetics Cause Mutation in the CFTR gene leading to defective ion transport Genetics : Autosomal recessive inheritance pattern

4. Pathophysiology Respiratory: Thick mucus, airway obstruction, inflammation, and infection Digestive: Malabsorption, pancreatic insufficiency, and meconium ileus Reproductive: Infertility and reproductive tract abnormalities

5. Clinical Manifestations Respiratory: Persistent cough, wheezing, and recurrent pneumonia Digestive: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, and failure to thrive Reproductive: Delayed puberty and infertility

6. Diagnosis Sweat chloride test Genetic testing Newborn screening

7. Management and Treatment Respiratory: Antibiotics, bronchodilators, and chest physiotherapy Digestive: Pancreatic enzyme replacement and nutritional support Reproductive: Assisted reproductive technologies

8. Complications Respiratory: Lung damage, chronic infection, and respiratory failure Digestive: Malnutrition, liver disease, and intestinal obstruction Reproductive: Increased risk of miscarriage and preterm labor

9. Prognosis and Quality of Life Median life expectancy: 40-50 years Quality of life: Impacted by frequent hospitalizations and treatment burden

10. Conclusion Early diagnosis and proper management can improve outcomes