cytokines _immunesystemand immunotechnology

Cytokines overview

1. VIVEKANANDHA
Dharani.c
II B.SC. Biotechnology
PG & Research Department of Biotechnology
Vivekanandha Arts and Science College For Women
Sankari
Assignment on “Cytokines”
Subject: Immune system and immunotechnology
ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
PG & RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY
An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution]
(Affiliated to Periyar University, Salem
Recognised Under Section 2(f) &12(B) of the UGC Act, 1956)
Veerachipalayam, Sankari West (Post) – 637 303, Sankari Tk, Salem Dt., Tamil Nadu

2. CYTOKINES

3. CONTENS
INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION
PROCESS AND ROLES
FUNCTION AND SIZE
APPLICATIONS
TYPES AND RECEPTERS

4. INTRODUCTION
 Cytokines are small protein molecules that
play a crucial role in the immune system,
facilitating communication between cells to
coordinate an immune response.
 They are produced by various cells,
including immune cells, endothelial cells,
and epithelial cells, in response to stimuli
such as infection, injury, or inflammation.
Cytokines help regulate immune responses,
inflammation, and tissue repair, making
them essential for maintaining homeostasis
and fighting off diseases.

5. https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-are-
Cytokines.aspx

6. DEFINITION
Cytokines are a group of secreted proteins that are produced by
cells and act as signaling molecules to facilitate communication
between cells. They are characterized by their ability to:
1. Be produced in response to stimuli
2. Be secreted into the surrounding tissue or bloodstream
3. Bind to specific receptors on target cells
4. Trigger a signaling cascade, leading to a response
Cytokines are often referred to as:-
 Immunocytokines-
 Immunomodulators-
 Cytokine hormones
- Signaling cytokines

7. CYTOKINES PROCESS AND
ROLE
Process:
1. Produced by immune cells
2. Released into the bloodstream or tissue
3. Bind to specific receptors on target cells
4. Trigger a response in the target cell
Roles:
1. Communication: Help immune cells talk to each other
2. Activation: Turn on or off immune cells
3. Growth: Help immune cells grow and multiply
4. Direction: Guide immune cells to where they're needed
5. Regulation: Control the strength and duration of
immune responses

8. CYTOKINES FUCTIONS AND SIZE
Functions:
1. Immune cell activation and regulation
2. Inflammation promotion or reduction
3. Cell growth and differentiation
4. Cell recruitment and migration
5. Antibody production
6. Immune response modulation
Size:
Cytokines are small proteins, typically
ranging from:-
 10-30 kDa (kilodaltons) in size-
 100-300 amino acids in length

9. https://www.cusabio.com/cytokines/What-is-the-Function-of-
Cytokine.html

10. CYTOKINES APPLICATION
1. Cancer treatment: Cytokines like IL-2 and IFN-α are used to stimulate
the immune system to fight cancer
2. Vaccines: Cytokines like IL-12 are used as adjuvants to enhance vaccine
effectiveness.
3. Autoimmune disease treatment: Cytokines like TNF-α inhibitors are
used to reduce inflammation in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
4. Infection treatment: Cytokines like IFN-γ are used to treat chronic
infections like hepatitis B and C
5. Skin conditions: Cytokines like IL-2 are used to treat skin conditions
like psoriasis.
These applications use cytokines to:-
 Boost the immune system
 Reduce inflammation- Fight cancer
Enhance vaccine effectiveness
 Treat infections
Cytokines have many potential applications, and research continues to
explore new ways to harness their power!

11. CYTOKINES TYPES AND RECEPTORS
Types of Cytokines:
1. Interleukins (IL)
2. Interferons (IFN)
3. Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNF)
4. Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSF)
5. Chemokines6. Growth Factors (GF) Cytokine
Receptors:
1. Cytokine receptors are specific proteins on the
surface of target cells
2. Binding of cytokines to their receptors triggers
signaling pathways
3. Receptors can be specific to one cytokine or shared
among multiple cytokines

12. 1.Murphy, K., & Weaver, C. (2016). Janeway's
immunobiology (9th ed.). Garland Science.
2.Parham, P. (2020). The immune system (5th
ed.). Cengage Learning.
3.Owen, J., Punt, J., & Stranford, S. (2013).
Kuby immunology (7th ed.). W.H. Freeman.
4.Roitt, I., & Male, H. (2016). Immunology (9th
ed.). Elsevier.
5.Abbas, A. K., Lichtman, A. H., & Pillai, S.
(2021). Cellular and molecular immunology
(10th ed.). Elsevier.
Reference
Books

13. THANK YOU
DHARANI.C