Cytokines.pptx - to understand more about the function of cytokines

Cytokines- roles and it's functions

1. CYTOKINES

2. Low molecular weight proteins (30 KDa) Bind receptors, alter gene expression Very low Kd receptors Cytokines regulate immune responses Decide intensity and duration of immune response

3. Cytokines Cytokines are small secreted proteins which mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They produced in response to an immune stimulus. involved in signaling between cells during immune responses. They are proteins, peptides or glycoproteins in nature They are synthesized and released by white blood cells and tissue macrophages.

4. stimulate or suppress the functional activity of lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, fibroblast and endothelial cells they modulate the function of other cell types. Long known to be involved in cellular immune response, products have additional effects that play important roles in both acute and chronic inflammation 200 different human cytokines was have been identified

5. Cytokines generated by mononuclear phagocytes are often called ‘Monokines’ and those by activated lymphocytes are referred to as ‘Lymphokines’ Additionally, both monocytes and macrophages produce cytokines such as CSF’s, which stimulate growth of immature leukocytes in the bone marrow

6. MAIN SETS OF CYTOKINES main sets of cytokines are Interleukins Interferons Tumour necrosis factors Growth factors Colony stimulating factors Chemokines

7. CYTOKINE BELONG TO FOUR STRUCTURAL FAMILIES Hematopoietin Receptor Family (Class I) Interferon Receptor Family (Class II) TNF Receptor Family Chemokine Receptor Family

8. HOW CYTOKINE ACT ????

9. Cytokine Action Can Be • Autocrine • Paracrine • Endocrine

10. CYTOKINE ACTIVITY •Redundancy •Pleiotropy •Synergy •Antagonism •Cascade induction C A S P A R

11. CYTOKINE ASSAY The biological activities of cytokines can be measured by a variety of bioassays which may employ factor-dependent cell lines, or antibodies (ELISA) RT-PCR quantitation of cytokines detects the presence of mRNA encoding specific cytokines

12. THERAPEUTIC USE OF CYTOKINES Used in treatment of Inflammation Cancer therapy During organ transplant Allergy

13. CYTOKINE THERAPY Non specific stimulation or inhibition of particular components of the immune system may sometimes be of benefit. Best results have been obtained with cytokines and among these interferon-α (IFN- α) is the most widely used mainly for it’s antiviral properties. The most striking clinical effect of a cytokine has been that of G-CSF in restoring bone marrow function Interferon beta-1a and interferon beta-1b are used to treat and control multiple sclerosis, Interferon therapy is used (in combination with chemotherapy and radiation) as a treatment for many cancers. Both hepatitis B and hepatitis C are treated with IFN-α, often in combination with other antiviral drugs various ways of inhibiting TNF and IL-1 have proved valuable in rheumatoid arthritis

14. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH CYTOKINE THERAPY To achieve local concentration Short half life of cytokine Unpredicted and undesirable side effects

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