CYTOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY Pratik Shinde.pptx

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1. CYTOLOGY AND HISTOLOGY Name – Pratik Dnyandev Shinde Roll No - 227330

2. What is cytology Cytology (also known as cytopathology) cyto means cells and logy means study . Cytology is the microscopic examination of cells that have been collected from the body. By examining the appearance of these cells, including their number, size, shape, color, internal characteristics, and how they fit together with their neighbors, it is often possible to make a diagnosis of a specific disease process.

3. What information can cytology provide? The most important thing cytology can tell us is whether a problem is caused by inflammation or by neoplasia (abnormal growth of tissue). If there is inflammation, cytology can often identify the underlying cause, such as a bacterial infection, embedded foreign body, or allergies. If the sample appears to be neoplastic, cytology can usually determine which type of tissue is involved and whether the neoplasm is malignant (cancerous) or benign.

4. What is exfoliative cytology? Exfoliative cytology means scraping the surface of a possible skin cancer with a knife and then spreading a small layer of the scrape onto a glass slide so that the cells in the scrape can be stained and looked at under a microscope. Example skin sample -: Exfoliative cytology for the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma and other skin cancers in adults

5. What is interventional cytology ? This is the branch of cytology in which samples are obtained by clinical procedure or surgical intervention. It is also known as aspiration cytology. It includes fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), biopsy, imprint cytology and crush smear cytology.

6. How are cells collected? There are several different methods for collecting cells from tissues, depending on where the problem is and what type of tissue is involved. The most common technique is called fine needle aspiration or fine needle biopsy. This simple technique involves using a sterile, fine gauge needle attached to an empty syringe. The needle is inserted into the middle of the tissue in question and the plunger of the syringe pulled back to create suction, withdrawing (or aspirating) cells. Cells can be aspirated from solid tissues, such as organs or tumors, and fluid-filled tissues, such as joints or cysts (see handout “Fine Needle Aspiration”).

7. WHAT IS HISTOLOGY Histology is also known as microscopic anatomy or microanatomy. It is also called study of tissue. It is an important part of anatomical pathology and surgical pathology, as accurate diagnosis of cancer and other diseases often requires histopathological examination of the tissue sample.

8. How Histology Works The five steps of preparing slides for histology are: Fixing
Processing
Embedding
Sectioning
Staining

9. This is a light microscope histological preparation of the intestinal lining, stained using hematoxylin and eosin

10. Uses of Histology Histology is used to diagnose diseases in humans, animals, and plants and to analyze the effects of treatment. Histology is used during autopsies and forensic investigations to help understand unexplained deaths. In some cases, a cause of death may be evident from microscopic tissue examination. Archaeologists use histology to study biological material recovered from archaeological sites. Bones and teeth are most likely to provide data.

11. Similarities Between Cytology and Histology Cytology and histology are two areas in biology, studying the chemical composition, structure, and function of different biological units.
Both study the microscopic anatomy of cells.
They are important for the diagnosis of diseases.

12. Careers in Histology A person who prepares tissues for sectioning, cuts them, stains them, and images them is called a histologist. Histologists work in labs and have highly refined skills, used to determine the best way to cut a sample, how to stain sections to make important structures visible, and how to image slides using microscopy. Laboratory personnel in a histology lab include biomedical scientists, medical technicians, histology technicians (HT), and histology technologists (HTL). The slides and images produced by histologists are examined by medical doctors called pathologists. Pathologists specialize in identifying abnormal cells and tissues.

13. Reference https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/histology https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/cytology https://clinicalgate.com/diagnostic-cytology-of-the-gastrointestinal-tract/ https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/pap-smear/#:~:text=A%20Pap%20smear%20is%20a,sends%20them%20to%20a%20lab . https://www.slideshare.net/ShaminJoshi/exfoliative-cytology-64853836

14. Thank you