DARK ROOM procedure in radiology department.pptx

Dark room procedure

1. 1 DARK ROOM

2. 2 DEPTT.OF RADIODIAGNOSIS & IMAGING MGH JAIPUR DARK ROOM

3. INTRODUCTION A dark room is very important place in the radio diagnosis department where radiographic processing takes place and so called processing room. Here, we also perform loading and unloading of film inside the cassette. The name given “Dark Room” is because it is made dark while processing, means we use no white light at that time. 3

4. DARKROOM

5. 5 Ideally the dark room should always be located centrally in the department for efficient working. In addition, the dark room should also be located close to the radiographic room, if possible next to the radiographic room sharing a common wall. As it saves lot of time . Dark room should also be located away from damp and hot areas. It should be located in the place accessible it terms of power and water supply. LOCATION

6. SIZE AND INSTALLATION OF THE DARKROOM A darkroom must be large enough (ideal is 100 square feet floor and 11 feet ceiling height) to accommodate all the necessary equipment without overcrowding. This equipment comprises the loading bench and the processing tanks, each with the requisite accessories. It is essential for dry and wet work to be carried out at a safe distance from each other ;for this reason the loading bench and processing tanks are arranged along opposite side of the room ,referred to as the ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ sides. 6

7. A. PROTECTION AGAINTS RADIATION BUILDING ESSENTIALS 7 It is essential for the darkroom to be well protected against radiation. The lead equivalence of the wall adjoining the radiographic room should be efficient to prevent the films from fogging. The wall should be lined with lead sheet or some substance of 1.5-2 mm thickness of lead or lead equivalent to work under 100-150 KV.

8. B. FLOOR The floor should be durable Easily cleaned Not slippery & Resistant to staining Ceramic tiles of porcelain or natural clay are the most satisfactory. 8

9. 9 C . Wall Covering Walls of the darkroom do not have to be dark. The color chosen should first be judged under safelight illumination as it is important that there should be maximum reflection of safelight . eg . Pink, cream and white The walls should be covered with chemical – resistant materials such as special paints ,varnish , concrete or ceramic tiles

10. VENTILATION Sufficient ventilation is necessary to avoid excessive exposure to chemical vapors which can cause respiratory diseases . Temp/Humidity should be maintained at optimum level to prevent static electricity & temp. fog. Window should be avoided because they are difficult to render lightproof. 10 10

11. 11 Cont’d……….. Air conditioner is an ideal solution for the dark room ventilation which control the temperature as well as humidity of the darkroom. The temperature of darkroom should be 18-20 degree and humidity should be 40-60%.

12. ELECTRIC WIRING 12 The dark room is a place where electric shock can be dangerous. Because of the presence of electric wiring in the proximity of aqueous solutions , water pipes , damp floors and wet fingers. It is essential to earth all exposed non-current carrying metallic objects.

13. 13 The simple type of entrance is a single door which must be made light tight and should have an inside lock to prevent opening while films are being processed. Another type of entrance is a small hall with two electrically doors , so designed that one door can not be opened until the other is completely closed , thereby preventing entrance of light. Another type of door is labyrinth door. This type of door consists of two parallel passages and a facing wall. ENTRANCE 13

14. 14 The preferred entrance these days is revolving door which occupies very little space and offers convenient , lightproof acess to the dark room. Cont’d……….. 14

15. DARKROOM ENTRANCE: SINGLE DOOR

16. DARKROOM ENTRANCE: DOUBLE DOOR

17. DARKROOM ENTRANCE: MAZE

18. 18 DARKROOM ENTRANCE: REVOLVING DOOR

19. .SAFE LIGHT . GENERAL ILLUMINATION . WET . DRY 19 ILLUMINATION BENCHES DOOR TYPE,REVOLVING PASS BOX COMPONENTS OF DARKROOM

20. DARKROOM COMPONENTS

21. PASS BOX The most suitable location for the pass box is near the film loading bench . Typical pass box has two light tight and x-ray proof doors that are so interlocked that both cannot be opened at the same time . The pass box is divided into two compartments , one for exposed and the other for unexposed film. 21

22. 22 Door type Rotating 22 PASSBOX

23. ILLUMINATION The dark room should have two types of illumination. 1.Safe light The dark room should have a source which will not fog films and also provide adequate illumination. Safelight lamp serve this purpose; they should have a filters of the proper colour . 23 23

24. Cont’d…………….. 24 24 Bulb size /location : For 7Watt -3 feet GBX-2 For 15Watt – 4 feet from work surface. FILTRS – varies with types of film : Kodak Wratten 6B-(orange brown light)blue violet sensitive; Kodak GBX-(deep red light)yellow green sensitive

25. Safelights; Direct and indirect 25 25

26. FILM TRAY 7.5 W AT LEAST 3 FEET FROM THE FILM TRAY

27. FILM TRAY 15 W AT LEAST 4 FEET FROM THE FILM TRAY

28. 2.General illumination *A source of overhead lighting is needed for general purpose such as cleaning , changing solutions etc. *General white light bulb is used for this. We turn it on during all the time except while processing film. ** An important thing to note is that the switch for this light should be separated, preferably higher than the switch of safe light

29. Dry Benches A long table should be used for loading /unloading cassettes. This bench is considered to be dry because no chemicals are put here. Dimensions At least 2.5cm in length and 60 cm width and height should not be less then 90 cm. 29 29

30. Wet Benches It is the side where we keep processing chemicals. There are shallow tanks filled with developer, water for rinsing , fixing and washing respectively for manual processing. Now a days auto processor are in use. Auto processor is also put in the wet bench. 30 30

31. 31 Manual Processing Wet Bench

32. AUTOMATIC PROCESSORS WET BENCH

33. For manual processing, films are clipped to some type of film hangers . The film should be handled only by the edges to avoid damage. The film hanger, with films attached, is then placed in the processing solutions, developer first. The films are hung with the help of these Hangers in the drying area for drying. 33 Film Hangers

34. Hangers Clip type

35. CONCLUSION Dark room is very important for radio diagnosis department because it plays a vital role in processing of film. To obtain a good quality radiograph we have to have a good conditioned darkroom with fulfillments of all the necessary components. Any fault in darkroom layout and construction may result in degrade of radiographic quality and also may harm the person working in the darkroom. 35

36. 36 www.google.com. CHESNEY’s-Radiographic Imaging. WHO-Manual on darkroom technique . 36 REFERENCES:

37. Thank You For Your Kind Attention 37