DATTI MUHAMMAD PPT PARKINSONS DIASEASE PPT

Presentation on parkinson disease

1. SEMINAR PR E SENTATION ON A TOPIC : PARKINSON'S DISEASE COURSE CODE: GNS 218 ADAMU ADAMU COLLEGE OF NURSING SCIENCES, FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTRE, AZARE JANUA ry , 2024

2. PRESENTATION BY: DATTI MUHAMMAD BN/22/0097

3. TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction. Definitions. Etiology\risk factors Pathophysiology Clinical manifestation Diagnostic procedure Management Prevention Complication Conclusion References

4. PARKINSON’S DISEASE [PD] INTRODUCTION Also called paralysis agitans Named after James Parkinson [1755-1824] British physician Usually effect people at the age of 50s-60 Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the nervous system and the parts of the body controlled by the nerves. Symptoms start slowly. The first symptom may be a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand

5. DEFINITIONS Parkinson's Disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affect movement. It is cause by death of dopamine producing brain cells leading to a dopamine deficiency (Dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain are the main source of dopamine (DA) .
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter made in the brain. It plays a role in many body functions, including memory, movement, motivation, mood, attention etc. Also Parkinson's Disease is a slowness progressing neurologic movement disorder that eventually lead to disabilities {moor ,myth and Cho 2017}

6. RISK FACTORS Age Use of illicit drugs e.g. aldomet Exposure to toxins Stroke Infection hypoxia

7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Ribosome is a protein factory Unfolded protein are transported to proteasome through ubiquitin Failure of proteasome lead to production of lewy bodies Lewy bodies destroy cells in the pars compacta of sn Depletion of dopamine secretion Imbalance between acetylcholine and dopamine Sign and symptoms

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Tremor Bradykinesia Hypomimia Hypophia Sleep disturbance

9. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE In the olden days there is no lab or imaging test that is recommended or definitive for Parkinson's disease. However, in 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved an imaging scan called the DaTscan. This technique allows doctors to see detailed pictures of the brain's dopamine system. It's Based on Sign and Symptoms and History

10. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Three (3) different classes of drugs that are used. These are: Dophaminagics ; Are precursors which can be converted in to dophamine in the brain. Example: levodopa, carbidopha } Dophamine agonist: Dopamine agonists stimulate the parts of the brain influenced by dopamine eg . Bromocriptine , Pergolide and Cabergoline . Monoamine oxidase inhibitors: Use in the treatment of different forms of depression and other nervous system disorders eg . selegiline , rasagiline , and safinamide

11. NURSING MANAGEMENT 1 . Assessment -History Taking -Assess Patient's mobility and pasture -Observe Verbal Communication -Enquire about elimination pattern

12. CONT… 2 . Nursing diagnosis - Based on the assessment, the nursing diagnosis are: - impaired mobility related to muscle hardness - constipation related to reduced activity. - impaired verbal communication related to decreased speech volume. 3. Planning and goals -Improve functional mobility -Restore normal nutritional intake -Achieve effective communication

13. CONT… 4. Nursing Intervention -Daily exercise -Eating high fibre diets and regular eating habits -Speech therapy 5. Evaluation -Increase in dietary intake -Walk with wide base of support -Adoption of regular pattern of bowel function

14. PREVENTION The possible ways of preventing Parkinson's Disease include the following: Getting regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, staying hydrated and getting an adequate amount of sleep. Regular aerobic exercise: They are cardiovascular exercise that aims at Strengthen the pumping ability of the heart e.g Walking, running, jogging etc. Some other research has shown that people who consume caffeine — which is found in coffee, tea and cola — get Parkinson's disease less often than those who don't drink it

15. COMPLICATIONS Respiratory tract infection. Urinary tract infection. Orthostatic hypotension. Dementia. Psychosis. Thinking Difficulties

16. CONCLUSION Conclusively Parkinson's Disease It is cause by death of dopamine producing cells leading to a dopamine deficiency Characterized by tremor and eventually leading to disabilities like Dementia,Psychosis. Apart from dopamine deficiency in the brain there's no other noticeable cause of Parkinson's Disease

17. REFERENCES Hinkle, L.(2022), Brunners and suddarths , Medical Surgical Nursing, Tokyo: Walters Kluwer. Basavanthappa , B,(2009), medical surgical nursing (2 nd edition) 5t lovis (USA) : Jaypee. Saladin, S. (2008), Human Anatomy (2 nd edition) America, New York : MC Graw Hill companies.

18. THANKS FOR LISTENING Future RN’s