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1. 17-10-2025 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering Technical seminar on Presented by Mr. DAV MATHEWS GEORGE MBC22ME008 Under the guidance of Prof . ABY ALIAS Assistant Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering “COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HYBRID NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITES FOR SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS”

2. 17-10-2025 2 Introduction Problem Statement and Objective Literature Survey Relevance of Key Literatures to Our Project Methodology and Experimental Procedure Tests and Results Applications Future Research Conclusion References CONTENTS

3. I NTRODUCTION Global Shift Towards Sustainability: Increasing environmental concerns are driving the adoption of biodegradable and renewable materials as alternatives to synthetic composites. Promise of Natural Fibers: Natural fibers offer advantages such as low cost, low density, biodegradability, and competitive mechanical properties. Dual-Focus Approach: This seminar compares two studies: Study 1: Areca leaf sheath + Tamarind seed powder reinforced epoxy composites. Study 2: Olive tree leaves powder + Pineapple leaf fiber reinforced epoxy composites. 3 17-10-2025

4. PROBLEM STATEMENT Conventional composites use synthetic fibers, which are non-biodegradable and energy-intensive. Agricultural waste (e.g., tamarind seeds, olive leaves) is underutilized and often discarded. There is a need to develop high-performance, eco-friendly composites using natural fibers and agricultural by-products. 4 17-10-2025

5. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To develop and characterize hybrid natural fiber composites using: Areca leaf sheath fiber + Tamarind seed powder + Epoxy Olive tree leaves powder + Pineapple leaf fiber + Epoxy To evaluate and compare their mechanical, thermal, and structural properties. To assess their suitability for industrial applications such as aerospace, automotive, and construction. 5 17-10-2025

6. 6 LITERATURE SURVEY JOURNAL HEADING AUTHOR REMARKS 1 2 Exploration and Characterization of Biodegradable Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Areca Leaf Sheath Fiber and Tamarind Seed Powder Evaluating the effects of pineapple fiber, potato waste filler, surface treatment, and fiber length on the mechanical properties of polyethylene composites for biomedical applications Ramanan G, et al. Year : 2025 Sumesh Keerthiveettil Ramakrishnan, et al. Year: 2024 Develops a novel epoxy hybrid composite using agricultural waste (Areca leaf sheath fiber & Tamarind seed powder). Specimen-C (20% ALS, 20% TSP, 60% Epoxy) showed optimal mechanical properties: Tensile Strength: 66.32 MPa, Hardness: 74.14 VHN, and good thermal stability up to 300°C. Suitable for aerospace and automotive applications. Investigates a biocompatible LLDPE composite with NaOH -treated pineapple fiber and potato skin filler. Optimized via Taguchi-GRA-TOPSIS-ANN. Best results: 3% NaOH, 3 wt % filler, 30 wt % fiber, 1.5 cm length, yielding TS=22.3 MPa, FS=23.8 MPa, IS=18.3 kJ/m². Suitable for lightweight, durable biomedical applications. 17-10-2025

7. 7 3 Flexural, impact and dynamic mechanical analysis of hybrid composites: Olive tree leaves powder/ pineapple leaf fibre/epoxy matrix K.Senthilkumar , et al. Year:2022 Fabricates hybrid composites from Olive Tree Leaves (OTL) powder and Pineapple Leaf Fiber (PALF). Composites with higher PALF content showed superior impact strength (43.4 J/m). DMA results indicated hybrid composites had higher storage modulus and lower damping than parent composites, suggesting better fiber -matrix adhesion. 17-10-2025 CONTINUE…

8. 8 Relevance of Key Literatures to Our Project 17-10-2025 Study 1: Provides a model for using agricultural waste (tamarind seeds) as filler and chemical treatment to enhance fiber-matrix adhesion. Study 2: Demonstrates the effect of fiber-powder hybridization and its influence on dynamic mechanical behavior and impact resistance..

9. METHODOLOGY 9 17-10-2025 Study 1: Areca + Tamarind + Epoxy Study 2: OTL + PALF + Epoxy Testing Parameters

10. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 10 17-10-2025

11. TESTS & RESULTS Study 1: Hardness: Specimen C (20% Areca, 20% Tamarind, 60% Epoxy) showed highest hardness (74.14 HRA). Tensile Strength: Specimen C also had the highest tensile strength (66.32 MPa). Impact Strength: Highest in Specimen C due to strong interfacial bonding. Thermal Stability: Stable up to 300°C with multiple decomposition stages. 11 17-10-2025

12. CONTINUE… Study 2: Flexural Strength: Highest in pure PALF composite (44.39 MPa). Hybrid composites showed reduced strength. Impact Strength: Hybrid composites showed superior impact resistance compared to OTL-only composites. DMA: Hybrid composites exhibited higher storage modulus and lower damping factor, indicating better interfacial bonding 12 17-10-2025

13. Mechanical Performance: Tensile Strength Study 1 13 17-10-2025 X-axis: Composite Specimens (A, B, C, D, E) Y-axis: Tensile Strength (MPa) Key Insight: Specimen C (20% Areca, 20% Tamarind, 60% Epoxy) exhibited the highest tensile strength of 66.32 MPa. The study concludes that an optimal ratio of fiber and filler leads to superior strength due to better interfacial bonding. Adapted From: Exploration and Characterization of Biodegradable Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Areca Leaf Sheath Fiber and Tamarind Seed Powder (Fig. 5, Page 5)

14. Mechanical Performance: Tensile Strength Study 2 14 17-10-2025 X-axis: Type of Composites (PALF, OTL, and Hybrids) Y-axis: Flexural Strength (MPa) Key Insight: Pure PALF composites showed the highest flexural strength (44.39 MPa). Hybrid composites had lower strength, which decreased with increasing OTL content, as OTL acted more as a filler than a load-bearing reinforcement. Adapted From: Flexural, impact and dynamic mechanical analysis of hybrid composites: Olive tree leaves powder/ pineapple leaf fibre /epoxy matrix (Fig. 2, Page 3)

15. Mechanical Performance: Impact Strength Study 1 15 17-10-2025 X-axis: Composite Specimens (A, B, C, D, E) Y-axis: Impact Strength (Joules) Key Insight: Specimen C (20% Areca, 20% Tamarind) absorbed the most energy (~20 J), indicating the best impact resistance due to strong interfacial bonding where tamarind powder acts as a shock absorber. Adapted From: Exploration and Characterization of Biodegradable Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Areca Leaf Sheath Fiber and Tamarind Seed Powder (Fig. 8, Page 7)

16. Mechanical Performance: Impact Strength Study 2 16 17-10-2025 X-axis: Type of Composites (PALF, OTL, and Hybrids) Y-axis: Impact Strength (J/m) Key Insight: Impact strength significantly improved with higher PALF content in the hybrids. The 30TL/7PALF hybrid showed a 97% increase in impact strength over pure OTL composites, demonstrating PALF's crucial role in absorbing impact energy.. Adapted From: Flexural, impact and dynamic mechanical analysis of hybrid composites: Olive tree leaves powder/ pineapple leaf fibre /epoxy matrix (Fig. 3, Page 5)

17. Microstructure Analysis (SEM) Study 1 17 17-10-2025 Key Insight: SEM images show features like fiber pull-out, voids, and matrix breakage. Composites with stronger interfacial adhesion (like Specimen C) showed fewer fiber pull-outs, indicating better stress transfer and explaining their superior mechanical properties. Adapted From: Exploration and Characterization of Biodegradable Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Areca Leaf Sheath Fiber and Tamarind Seed Powder (Fig. 9, Page 8)

18. Microstructure Analysis (SEM) Study 2 18 17-10-2025 Key Insight: The PALF/epoxy composite (a) shows strong fiber-matrix bonding with minimal pull-out. In contrast, the OTL/epoxy composite (b) shows matrix cracking and debonding. Hybrids (c-e) show improved bonding with higher PALF content, correlating with their better impact performance. Adapted From: Flexural, impact and dynamic mechanical analysis of hybrid composites: Olive tree leaves powder/ pineapple leaf fibre /epoxy matrix (Fig. 4, Page 7)

19. Thermal and Structural Analysis Study 1 19 17-10-2025 Specimen A shows a sharp crystalline peak, while others show broad amorphous humps from the epoxy. Intensity variations indicate differences in crystallinity due to fiber/filler content. Adapted From: Exploration and Characterization of Biodegradable Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Areca Leaf Sheath Fiber and Tamarind Seed Powder (Fig. 15, Page 9)

20. CONTINUE… 20 17-10-2025 Adapted From: Exploration and Characterization of Biodegradable Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Areca Leaf Sheath Fiber and Tamarind Seed Powder (Fig. 16a-d, Page 10)

21. CONTINUE… 21 17-10-2025 The composite shows good thermal stability up to 300°C, with major decomposition occurring between 300-450°C. This defines its operational temperature limit for applications. Adapted From: Exploration and Characterization of Biodegradable Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Areca Leaf Sheath Fiber and Tamarind Seed Powder (Fig. 16d, Page 10)

22. Mechanical Performance: Impact Strength Study 2 22 17-10-2025 Adapted From: Flexural, impact and dynamic mechanical analysis of hybrid composites: Olive tree leaves powder/ pineapple leaf fibre /epoxy matrix (Fig.5and6, Page 9)

23. CONTINUE… 23 17-10-2025 Adapted From: Flexural, impact and dynamic mechanical analysis of hybrid composites: Olive tree leaves powder/ pineapple leaf fibre /epoxy matrix (Fig. 7, Page 10) Hybrid composites, especially 10TL/1PALF, showed a superior storage modulus (stiffness) and a higher glass transition temperature (~150°C) than parent composites. This indicates better fiber-matrix adhesion and superior thermal stability in the hybrid structures.

24. Applications Study 1 Composites: Aerospace and automotive components (e.g., instrument panels, cabin interiors). Lightweight structural parts requiring high hardness and thermal stability. Study 2 Composites: Building and construction (e.g., door panels, window frames, handrails). Non-structural automotive interior parts 24 17-10-2025

25. 25 Future Research Explore chemical treatments to enhance fiber-matrix adhesion. Investigate hybrid composites combining fibers from both studies. Conduct long-term durability and environmental impact assessments. Scale up production methods for industrial applications. 17-10-2025

26. 26 Both studies successfully developed sustainable hybrid composites using natural fibers and agricultural waste. Study 1 composites excel in hardness, tensile strength, and thermal stability. Study 2 composites offer superior impact resistance and dynamic mechanical properties. These materials present viable eco-friendly alternatives for various engineering applications, promoting a circular economy and reducing environmental impact. CONCLUSION 17-10-2025

27. 27 R EFERENCES Johny, V., et al. (2023). "Extraction and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Pineapple Crown Leaf Fibers (PCLF)". Fibers, 11(1), 5. Ramanan G., et al. (2025). "Exploration and Characterization of Biodegradable Hybrid Composites Reinforced with Areca Leaf Sheath Fiber and Tamarind Seed Powder". Results in Engineering, 25, 104474. Senthilkumar, K., et al. (2022). "Flexural, impact and dynamic mechanical analysis of hybrid composites: Olive tree leaves powder/ pineapple leaf fibre /epoxy matrix". Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 21, 4241–4252. Arib, R.M.N., et al. (2004). "A Literature Review of Pineapple Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites". Polymer Polymers Composites. Van Tran, A. (2006). "Chemical analysis and pulping study of pineapple crown leaves". Industrial Crops and Products. 17-10-2025

28. 28 Neto, A.R.S., et al. (2013). "Characterization and comparative evaluation of thermal, structural, chemical, mechanical... of six pineapple leaf fiber varieties...". Industrial Crops and Products. Sumesh, K.R., et al. (2021). "Utilization of coconut shell biomass residue to develop sustainable biocomposites and characterize the physical, mechanical, thermal, and water absorption properties". Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. Saba, N., Jawaid, M., & Sultan, M.T.H. (2019). "A review on the dynamic mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites". Construction and Building Materials, *106*, 149-159. Pickering, K.L., Aruan Efendy , M.G., & Le, T.M. (2016). "A review of recent developments in natural fibre composites and their mechanical performance". Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, *83*, 98-112. Sanjay, M.R., et al. (2018). "A comprehensive review of techniques for natural fibers as reinforcement in composites: Preparation, processing and characterization". Carbohydrate Polymers, *207*, 108-121. 17-10-2025 C ONTINUE…

29. THANK YOU 29 17-10-2025