Decentralization and local governance

governance

1. Decentralization and Local
Governance

2. Topic Outline
•Levels of the Philippine Local Government
•Autonomous Region
•Province
•City and Municipality
•Barangay
•Decentralization
•Definition
•Effect in governance

4. Evolution of Philippine LocalGovernment
THEN NOW
Cabeza DeBarangay BARANGAY Kapitan
Alkalde CITY Alkalde
AlkaldeMayor PROVINCE Gobernador

5. Criteria for Creation, Merger andDivision
Of LocalGovernment
LANDAREA POPULATION INCOME
Province 2,000km
2 250,000 Php 20million
Highly Urbanized
City
100km
2
200,000 Php 50million
IndependentCity100km
2 150,000 Php 100million
Component City100km
2
150,000 Php 100million

6. LocalGovernment
•It pertains to the activity by which local officials, both
elected and appointed, implement the goals and manage
the resources of the local governmentunit

7. LevelsofthePhilippineLocal
GovernmentUnit
•Provincesandindependentcities;component
citiesandmunicipalities;andbarangays–these
arethe3partitionsinthePhilippineLocal
Governmentorwhatiscommonlyknownasthe
LocalGovernmentUnit.

8. LevelsofthePhilippineLocal
GovernmentUnit
•Localgovernmentunitsareinstitutionalunits
whosefiscal,legislativeandexecutiveauthority
extendsoverthesmallestgeographicalareas
distinguishedforadministrativeandpolitical
purposes.

9. LevelsofthePhilippineLocal
GovernmentUnit
•Provincesandindependentcitiesare
systematizedintonationalgovernmentregions
butthoseareadministrativeregionsandnot
separatelyadministeredareaswiththeirown
electedgovernments.

11. Region
Asub-nationaladministrativeunit
comprisingofseveralprovinces
havingmoreorlesshomogenous
characteristics,suchasethnicorigin
ofinhabitants,dialectspoken,
agriculturalproduce,etc.
http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_lgu
WCJFEVMCVV

12. Autonomous Region
•Autonomousregionshavemorepowersthanother
localgovernments.
•Theconstitutionlimitsthecreationof
autonomousregionstoMuslimMindanaoandthe
Cordillerasbutonlyoneautonomousregion
exists:theAutonomousRegioninMuslim
Mindanao(ARMM).

13. Autonomous Region
•In2001,aplebisciteintheARMMconfirmedthe
previouscompositionoftheautonomousregion
andaddedBasilan(exceptforthecityofIsabela)
andMarawiCityinLanaodelSur.

14. Autonomous Region
•Anautonomousregionisgovernedbytheregional
governorandalegislaturesuchastheARMM
RegionalLegislativeAssembly.

15. Province
Thelargestunitinthepoliticalstructureofthe
Philippines.Itconsists,invaryingnumbers,of
municipalitiesand,insomecases,ofcomponent
cities.Itsfunctionsanddutiesinrelationtoits
componentcitiesandmunicipalitiesaregenerally
coordinativeandsupervisory.
SanguniangPanlalawigan
http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_lgu
WCJFEVMCVV

16. Province
•Outsidetheloneautonomousregion,theprovinces
arethehighest-levellocalgovernment.
•Theprovincesareorganizedintocomponentcities
andmunicipalities.
•Aprovinceisgovernedbythegovernoranda
legislatureknownastheSangguniangPanlalawigan.

17. City
http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_lgu
WCJFEVMCVV
Therearethreeclassesofcitiesinthe
Philippines:thehighlyurbanized,the
independentcomponentcitieswhich
areindependentoftheprovince,and
thecomponentcitieswhicharepart
oftheprovinceswheretheyare
locatedand subjecttotheir
administrative supervision.
SanguniangPanlungsod

18. Municipality
Isapoliticalcorporatebodywhichis
endowedwiththefacilitiesofamunicipal
corporation,exercisedbyandthroughthe
municipalgovernmentinconformitywith
law.Itisasubsidiaryoftheprovince
whichconsistsofanumberofbarangays
withinitsterritorialboundaries,oneof
whichistheseatofgovernmentfoundat
thetownproper(poblacion).
SanguniangBayan
http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_lgu
WCJFEVMCVV

19. Cities and Municipalities
•MunicipalgovernmentinthePhilippinesis
separatedintothree–independentcities,
componentcities,andmunicipalities(mostof
thetimereferredtoastowns).
•Mostcitiesinthecountryare"independent
cities".

20. Cities and Municipalities
•Mostcitiesinthecountryare"independent
cities".
•Thesecitiesarenotruledbyaprovince,even
thoughlikeIloiloCity,theprovincialcapitalcould
beinthecity.

21. Cities and Municipalities
•Municipalitiesarealwaysapartofaprovince
exceptforPateroswhichwasseparatedfrom
RizaltoformMetroManila.
•Citiesandmunicipalitiesaregovernedbymayors
andlegislatures,whicharecalledthe
SangguniangPanlungsodincitiesandthe
SangguniangBayaninmunicipalities.

22. Barangay
Thesmallestpoliticalunitintowhichcitiesand
municipalitiesinthePhilippinesaredivided.Itis
thebasicunitofthePhilippinepoliticalsystem.
Itconsistsoflessthan1,000inhabitantsresiding
withintheterritoriallimitofacityor
municipalityandadministeredbyasetof
electiveofficials,headedbyabarangay
chairman(punongbarangay).
•SanguniangBarangay
•SanguniangKabataan
http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_lgu
WCJFEVMCVV

23. Barangays
•Barangaysarethedivisionofeverycityand
municipalityinthecountry.Itisthesmallestof
theLocalGovernmentUnits,andcanbeeven
moredividedintositiosandpuroksbutthose
divisionsdonothaveleaderselectedinformal
electionsheldbythenationalgovernment.

24. Barangays
•Abarangay'sexecutiveisthebarangaycaptainor
PunongBantayanditsadministrationisthe
SangguniangBarangay,consistsofbarangay
captain,thebarangaykagawads(barangay
councilors),andtheSKchairman.

25. Barangays
•TheSKchairmanalsoleadsaseparateassembly
foryouth,theSangguniangKabataanorSK.

26. Legislature
•Theoneswhoreviewtheordinancesand
resolutionsenactedbythelegislaturesbelow.
Asidefromregularandex-officiomembers,the
legislaturesabovethebarangaylevelalsohave
threesectoralrepresentatives,oneeachfrom
women,agriculturalorindustrialworkers,and
othersectors.

27. Aims of the Local Government Code1991
Purpose: transform LGUs into self-reliant
communities and active partners in nation
building by giving them more powers,
authority, responsibilities andresources
•Hopes to achieve economic development
at the regional and local levels by giving
LCE more freedom in carrying out their
programs that are suitable in theirareas
(RA7160)

28. Agriculturalextension Community basedforestryField health and hospitalservices
Publicworks School buildingprogram Social welfareservices
Tourism Telecommunications Housing
Others like investmentsupport
Devolved functions toLGUs

29. DecentralizationPush
Post-MarcosDictatorship/PeoplePower
RevolutionLocalAutonomy
•“self-governing”
•Thegrantingofmorepowers,authority,
responsibilitiesandresourcesbythenational
governmenttolocalgovernmentunitsinorderto
beself-reliantandactivepartners

30. DECENTRALIZATION
•transferofpowerandauthorityfromcentralinstitutionto
lowerorlocallevelsofagovernmentsystem
•AccordingtoRaulP.DeGuzman,generallyreferstothe
systematicandrationaldispersalofpower,authorityand
responsibilityfromthecentertotheperiphery,fromtopto
lowerlevels,orfromnationaltolocalgovernments

31. DECENTRALIZATION
•Decentralizationisthehandingofresponsibility
forplanning,management,andresourceraising
andallocationfromthecentralgovernmentto:

32. Decentralization reforms focus
on:
•Therelationshipsbetweenthreemajorsectorsof
governance,namely,thepublicsector,the
privatesector,andthevoluntarysector;and
•Withinthepublicsector,decentralizationfocuses
onthestructureandprocessesofdecisionmaking
andonresourceandresponsibilityallocation
amongdifferentlevelsofgovernment.

33. Factorshelpstoexplainthedifferencesbetween
variousformsofadministrativedecentralization
•Production efficiency, that is the cost and quality
of services delivered
•Allocative efficiency, that is, the extent to which
the services delivered reflect local demand
•‘Who delivers’ vs. ‘who pays’ for the services
which should be provided

34. Forms of decentralization
•Deconcentration:primaryobjectivemaybe
improvingtheproductionefficiencyofthe
administrationwithanimprovementintheimpactof
theservicesdeliveredasasecondpriority.
•Introducingadministrativeandculturalchanges
withintheexistingunitarystructures,shifting
responsibility,decision-makingauthorityand
resourcesforfront-lineoperationsonlytothe
managersoflocalunits.

35. Forms of decentralization
•Delegation:separatingtheproductionordelivery
fromthefinancingofaspecificpublicservice,
introducingamodificationoftheexisting
structureofthepublic.
•Delegationcanbeusedbyanylevelof
government,anddoesnotadministration.

36. Forms of decentralization
•Partnership:ahigherdegreeofdecentralization,
canbeaimedatbytransferringtheresponsibility
forplanninganddeliveryofservicestoCSOs.

37. Forms of decentralization
•Ifthecentralgovernmentiswillingtogiveupa
directhandinpolicyformulationandcontrolit
mayattempttoachievetheobjectivesofboth
productionandallocativeefficiencyby
transferringtheownershipand/orcontrolofthe
publicservice’sassetstotheprivatesector.In
thiscase,decentralizationtakestheformof
privatization.

38. Forms of decentralization
•Privatizationalsoimpliesthattheservicesare
allocatedthroughthemarketsystemwiththe
consumerpayingfortheservicebeingdelivered
butgovernmentmaystillsubsidizeortaxcertain
servicestoachieveitsobjectives

40. Decentralization and Governance
•Decentralizationisaboutgovernance.
•Governance:‘thecomplexofinstitutionsand
organizationswhichregulatethelifeofsociety
•Governance:theactofgoverning’,thatistotheway
institutionsareestablished(forexamplehowlawsare
proposedandenacted)andtothewayorganizations
behave,managetheiraffairsandgovernpeople

41. Governance
•Itencompassesrules(formalandcustomarylaw,
regulationsinternaltoorganizations,moral
imperatives,contractualobligations,etc.)and
socialaggregations(thefamily,church,
municipality,professionalassociations,political
parties,banks,commercial enterprises,
cooperatives,courtsoflaw,government,
parliament).

42. Governance
•goalsofsocietyasstability,growth,equity,
justice,efficiencyandthepracticeofthosewho
runtheorganizations

43. Decentralizationanddemocratization
•Decentralizationofthepublicadministration,by
changingtheassignmentofresponsibilitiesand
resourcesamongdifferentlevelsandagentsof
governmentmaybecloselyassociatedwiththe
processofpoliticaldemocratization.

44. Decentralizationanddemocratization

46. References
•LocalGovernmentUnitsinthePhilippines;
•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_government_in_the_P
hilippines
•LocalGovernment UnitsinthePhilippines;
http://www.chanrobles.com/legal1localgovernmentsmunici
palities.html#.XUruj_ZuK3A