DEFENCE MECHANISMS.pptx

Defense mechanism

1. DEFENCE MECHANISMS

2. DEFENCE MECHANISMS Defence Mechanism are unconscious process which defends or protects a person against anxiety,shame,loss of self esteem,conflicts or unacceptable feelings. Defence mechanisms enables a person to resolve conflicts and reduce stress and anxiety. All defence mechanism are operated at unconcious level and most are self deceptive in nature.

3. Classification of defence mechanisms Defence mechanisms can be classified as a) positive defence mechanisms b) negative defence mechanisms positive defence mechanisms 1.compensation 6.undoing 2.substitution 7.identification 3.sublimation 8.transference 4.rationalization 9.intellectualization 5.repression 10.introjection

4. NEGATIVE DEGENCE MECHANISMS 1.suppression 2.displacement 3.projection 4.regression 5.fixation 6.fantasy 7.reaction formation 8.conversion 9.dissociation 10. denial

5. COMPENSATION It is a pattern by which tension or anxiety relieved by an individual makeup for personal weaknes. ex: a student with low academics compensates it by showing excellence in sports

6. SUBSTITUTION It is a mechanism by which goals are replaced. when a person is not able to achieve a goal,it is replaced by another. ex: a person who aspired to become a national level athlete replaces the goal to become athletics coach.

7. SUBLIMATION In this mechanism one transfers primitive impulses into socially useful goal.The un acceptable desires are made to acceptable form. ex: a person with aggresive feeling cannot express it in society but can become a boxer .

8. RATIONALIZATION It is a defence mechanism in which an individual justifies failures and socially unacceptable feelings and behaviour by making excuses or formulate logical reasons or socially approved reasons. ex: a person who is not able to get in to a proffesional course points out the difficulties involved in that proffesion.

9. REPRESSION Repression is a process of unconcious forgetfulness of unpleasant experiences. ex: a person may express fear anxious behaviour towards items which are associated with paninful memory in past but do not remember the painful incident.

10. UNDOING Undoing is act of symbolicaly cancelling or reversing out a previous act which was unacceptable.it is unconcious act of taking back an unpleasant incident. ex: a mother brings food to child after punishing for some misdeeds.

11. IDENTIFICATION In this mechanism,an individual attempts to increase self worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of another individual one admires. ex: a teenage boy is admired by the family doctor and adopts the behaviour and attitudes and also intent to persue similar aspirations.

12. TRANSFERENCE In transference,the image of one person is unconciously identified with that of another. ex: a patient who is fond of his daughter finds the nurse of same age as his daughter and shares his positive emitions to nurse as his daughter.

13. INTELLECTUALIZATION Intellectualization is an attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with a stressful situation by using the intellectual process of logic ,reasoning &analysis. ex: partner of a person need to shift to a foreign country for job so they explains about the advantages associated to hide the real emotions of seperation.

14. INTROJECTION The values and characteristics of a significant persons are incorporated in ones personality. ex:a boy holds the hand of younger sibling while crossing a road as how his mother used to do.

15. SUPPRESSION Suppression is a voluntary blocking of unpleasant feeling and experiences from ones awareness to avoid discomfort and anxiety. ex: a student constantly thinks about upcoming exams to avoid the anxiety just before exams.

16. DISPLACEMENT In this mechanism a person transfers the feeling to a person who is less dangerous than the person who aroused the emotion.a person who uses displacement is unaware at the time but later recognises it. ex: a person who is angry with boss cannot express it to boss but shows it towards wife .

17. PROJECTION It is the situation in which one places blame for own difficulties upon others.they confronts other for the discomforts which are of own causes. ex: an officer gets late for the meeting and blames the assistant forgot to remind about time of meeting.

18. REGRESSION It is an immature way of responding to a stress. a person goes back to an earlier stage of developmental level in order to deal with reality. ex: a student starts sucking thumb due to excessive pressure in college.

19. FIXATION Fixation refers to the point where the individual’s development at which certain aspect of the emotional development donot advance. ex: thumb sucking continuing in grown person.

20. FANTASY It is a defence mechanism in which imaginary achievement and wishful thinking is used to gratify frustrated desires. ex: a person who is struggling with debt imagines about winning lottery and solving all the issues.

21. REACTION FORMATION It is a mechanism in which unconcious transformation of unacceptable impulse into exactly opposite attitudes,behaviour or feelings.the actual feeling is repressed and acceptable opposite feelings are expressed. ex: a person behaves nicely to an individual whom they actually dislike.

22. CONVERSION The strong emotional conflicts which are not expressed are converted into physical symptoms.this can resolve the conflict and it may get great deal of attention and sympathy. ex: a student may develop headache on the examination .

23. DISSOCIATION It is involuntary suppression of mental functin from rest of personality.breaking off part of memory,conciousness or perception of self or environment. ex: Amnesia

24. DENIAL Denial stage is that an individual refuses to face reality. it protects an individual from shock of reality. it is harmless in moderation but serious if prolonged. ex: a person denies the news of death of a closeone.

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