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1. D . Agile planning places emphasis on planning and is iterative ANSWER

2. Software Maturity Framework

3. The Defined Process There are a lot of reasons why an organization might decide that it’s time to define a process. Usually workers and management start noticing that there is a lot of time being spent not on the actual work, but on fire-fighting (e.g., doing rework, fixing, re-fixing, testing, retesting, putting out fires caused by tasks that weren’t done at all, repairing relationships with customers, and running around to see if anyone remembers what worked last time). Some benefits of process work include: Increase the effectiveness of preventive measures, Reduce variation, increase reliability, Reduce redundant or non-critical work, Reduce rework and retesting, Increase the cooperation between departments or teams, Improve cycle-time and quality, and Improve the ability to forecast and estimate.

4. Defining A Process: Overview Sponsor The Facilitator The Process Definition Team Reading the Process Diagram

5. Steps in Defining a Process

6. Step 1—Initiate Process Definition The Sponsor and the Facilitator work together to provide the framework for the Process Definition Team. It is the responsibility of the Facilitator to explain the benefits of process definition and implementation. The Sponsor provides information about the organization and the process to be defined.

7. The purpose of this step is to see that the following are fully documented: 1. Organization Vision and Mission Statement. 2. Process description, and description of how the process helps with the organization’s mission. 3. Scope of the process. When does the process start? End? What activities, functions, or outputs are not to be included in this process? Which organizations are involved in this process? 4. Current state of the process (e.g., what is working? What is not? Is there consistency? Redundancy? Extra Work?) 5. Process goals (What should this process accomplish? How will you know the process is a success? What should be measured? What will indicate a problem Department of CSE CS734PE-SPPM with the process?) 6. Specific improvements to be addressed. 7. Roles involved in the process. 8. Primary internal and external customers of the process. 9. Boundaries and constraints for the team (e.g., time allotted, target dates, equipment, costs, personnel, etc.) 10. Potential Process Definition Team members.

8. Step 2—Kick Off Meeting The Kick Off Meeting is designed to: Formalize involvement in the Process Definition Team. Discuss the documented process goals and scope and verify that everyone is working with the same definitions. Provide team members an overview of the process definition work. Start the team working together right away by defining team rules and setting a meeting schedule.

9. Suggested Kick Off Meeting Agenda Items Process Sponsor - Introductions, purpose of meeting. Process Sponsor - Presentation of process goals, scope Question and answer period. Facilitator - Overview of process definition tasks. Facilitator - Action Item assignment: who will handle the Action Item Log for the team? The Parking Lot log? Facilitator - How often will the team meet? When? Where? Who will schedule the meetings and book the conference room? Facilitator - Work with team to decide on team name and team meeting rules. Sponsor - Closing remarks.

10. Step 3—Practice Team Skills The Process Definition Team will be learning how to work together as a team in which each member contributes, and in which tools are used to make decisions and solve problems. The Facilitator needs to watch for opportunities to apply team-building exercises, problem-solving tools, and decision-making techniques. Tools that will be most used in process definition include brainstorming, negative brainstorming, affinity diagramming, selection matrix, cause/effect analysis, nominal group technique, data collection, Pareto Charts, force field analysis, plan-do- check-act cycle, and multivoting .

11. Step 4—Maintain Implementation Issues List The implementation plan will have the most chance of success if the following are considered: 1 . Everyone in the involved departments should understand that there must be a change to the way work is done, and why . 2. Everyone should understand the long term and short term goals, and how that will affect their department, their team, themselves. 3 . Everyone should understand the steps that will be taken to meet those goals. 4 . Most co-workers trust the Process Definition Team to be sure that before a change in work procedure is made, there will be training, tools , and examples provided. 5 . Some people may require more coaching than others in new procedures . Everyone must understand that the Process Definition Team members will do everything they can to be sure that each individual can succeed in following the process to do their work. 6 . It must be clear to everyone that the measurements and metrics defined for this process will never be used against an individual, but will be used for process improvement purposes.

12. Step 5—Document Global Process Information and Diagram the Process Flow The Contents of the Global Process Information Section. The Global Process Information is the first section of the Process Definition Document. It contains the following sections: Overview (Basic description of the process.) Objectives of the Process Process Scope/Start and End Parties Involved in the Process Process Owner Tools , Standards, Forms Used by this Process (A table listing name, use, and locations.) Terms and Definitions,abbrevations. Related Documents (References to related documents, includes document name, description, and location. Include reference to the Process Metrics Plan.)

13. Step 6—Document Process Steps, Measures, and Metrics For each step, the following information needs to be documented in the step description : Roles and Responsibilities (If more than one role is involved, who does what?) Entry Criteria (How do you know you are supposed to be at this step ?) Inputs (What do you need in order to complete this step? Inputs include information and decisions.) Next Step (Most of the time, the next step on the process flow diagram. If a decision point follows this step, document that here and tell where control will go based on the decision’s value.) Exit Criteria (How do you know you are really done with this step?) Output (Outputs include decisions, information, communication, and products .). Work Instructions (Exactly what to do, in order .)/ Tools/Techniques (Are there any tools, forms, standards, or special techniques to use in following the work instructions? Where do I find them ?) Special Considerations (Are there exceptions to be considered for this step? Additional information you need the reader to know?)

14. Step 7—Acquire or Develop Forms, Tools, Standards, Examples The Process Definition Team examines each Step Description and determines if there is any need for a standard, tool, checklist, or template in completing the work described in the step . The team needs to identify, design or specify, and plan to acquire or develop all items needed to implement the process . Usually a process can be implemented in phases, so the team needs to decide which tools must be available for the first implementation phase, and which can be purchased or developed later.

15. Step 8—Formal Inspection Process The Formal Inspection process, designed to find defects in software deliverables, is also the best way to find defects in any documentation throughout the organization . The team uses the formal Inspection process to find defects in the process documentation—the Process Definition Document, the Process Metrics Plan, and any forms, templates, and standards developed for the process . This step is complete when all items have successfully passed Inspection.

16. Step 9—Plan and Execute Process Implementation At this point, the Process Definition Team should have a rather complete list of Implementation Issues on their list. A plan with a list of implementation and process management activities, estimated effort, and target dates is now documented and reviewed with the Sponsor. After the plan is approved, the team puts it into action.

17. Managed process A managed process is a performed process that is planned and executed in accordance with policy; employs skilled people having adequate resources to produce controlled outputs; involves relevant stakeholders; is monitored, controlled, and reviewed; and is evaluated for adherence to its process description.