DEFINING_INDIGENOUS_CULTURE_AND_CHARACTERIZING_INDIGENOUS_PEOPLE.pptx

This will be a help to understand the lifestyle of Indigenous people, local and around the world.

1. DEFINING INDIGENOUS CULTURE AND CHARACTERIZING INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

2. INDIGENOUS CULTURE refers to native societies of various regions in the world that existed before colonization occurred. Indigenous culture also describes native peoples who were encountered during religious or trade expeditions. An indigenous culture usually has ancestral traditions and deep historical connections to the land in which generations of their people have lived.

3. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE Refer to a group of people sharing common bonds of language , customs, traditions and other distinctive cultural traits, and who have under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilize territory. Native people

4. The Philippines is composed of 7,107 islands and islets spanning 1,854 kilometers from north to south. The Philippines in only the country in Asia that has officially used the term “ indigenous people”. Of the more than 77 million Filipinos about estimated 12- 14 million are indigenous people . Indigenous people or communities can be found in the interiors of Luzon, Mindanao and some island of Visayas. They either withdrew to the hinterlands in the face of colonization or they stood their ground successfully and have maintained a close link to their ancestral past. With the long years of colonial rule in the Philippines from 1700s to early 1900s and the influx of migrants into indigenous people territories, many influences have been introduced that gradually changed the indigenous way of life. Indigenous at present are still characterized by these phenomena but are definitely no longer in their pure and natural state, showing varying degrees of influence from outside their culture.

5. MAJOR GROUPS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

6. MINDANAO LUMAD This is a generic term embracing all non Muslim hill tribes of Mindanao. Lumad is a Visayan term that means “ born and grown in the place”. The Lumad people are composed of some ethnic groups and they form the largest groupings of indigenous people in the country. They can be found in almost all provinces of Mindanao and they include the Bagobo, Banwaon , Blaan , Bukidnon, Dibabawon , Higaonon , Mamanwa , Mandaya, Manguwangan , Manobo, Mansaka , Matigsalug ,  Subanen, Tagakaolo ,   Talaandig , Tboli , Teduray , and Ubo . Lumad are found throughout Mindanao, in remote mountainous areas and valleys, in low-lying plains, and in coastal areas. Over the years, the Lumad have nurtured and protected their traditional ancestral lands, and their individual cultures. Lumad culture is rich and diverse, with a wide range of languages, chants, rituals, dances, and other traditions

7. BAGOBO BANWAON BLAAN BUKIDNON DIBABAWON HIGAONON MAMANWA MANDAYA

8. MANGUWANGAN MANOBO MANSAKA MATIGSALUG SUBANEN/SUBANON TAGAKAOLO TALAANDIG T’BOLI

9. TEDURAY UBO

10. CORDILLERA PEOPLE This is the indigenous population of the Cordillera mountain range, which cover six provinces in the middle of Northern Luzon- Abra, Apayoa , Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga and Mountain Province. They are collectively called Igorots , meaning “ mountain people” although some groups like Kalingas and Ifugaos refuse to be called Igorots except by their own tribes. There are eight ethno- linguistic groups in the Cordillera namely, Bontoc, Ibaloi , Ifugao, Isneg , Kalinga, Kankanaey , Tinguian and Yapayao . The term “Ifugao” is composed of the prefix i meaning “people of” and pugaw meaning “the cosmic earth.” It could also have been derived from the term ipugo , which means “from the hill.” Ifugao mythology, however, says that ipugo is a type of rice grain given to the people by Matungulan , the god of grains .

11. Social classes exist in Ifugao society, and these are based on wealth, indicated by the possession of heirloom objects such as antique porcelain; sacrificial animals like carabaos, pigs, and chickens; other household items of value; and a considerable amount of money. The hagabi lounge chair is a status symbol, indicating that the family belongs to the kadangyan (aristocracy). Those who were captured during head-taking excursions belong to the nawotwot (lower class). To this group also belong the field workers who do not own land but serve the kadangyan either as servants or tenants. In between the two classes are the natumok , who may own small pieces of land, but these are not sufficient to give them a year-round harvest. The rich Ifugao usually command authority, although fair treatment is accorded to all. Ordinarily, the rich belong to the mombaki (shaman) clan who perform marriages, recite myths during marriages and victory feasts, and offer animal sacrifices and prayers for the recovery of sick people.

12. BONTOC IBALOI IFUGAO ISNEG KALINGA KANKANAEY TINGUIAN

13. CARABALLO TRIBES These are the five ethno-linguistic groups : Ibanag , Igorot, Gaddang , Ikalahan and Isinai . Who together with Agta people inhabit the Caraballo mountain range in Eastern Central Luzon. This range connects the province of Nueva Viscaya , Quirino and Nueva Ecija. Caraballo tribes number roughly 500,00.

14. Ibanag Igorot Gaddang Ikalahan Isinay / isinai

15. AGTA AND AETA/NEGRITO These and short ,dark skinned and kinky-haired peoples are considered the earliest inhabitants of the Philippines. Aside from having been perpetually pushed into the hinterlands of Central Luzon , mainly in the provinces of Zambales, Bataan and Pampanga and in other parts of the country, they also suffer from racial discrimination. With a population of about 160,000 they are the most widely distributed among indigenous people.

16. MANGYAN OF MINDORO This is the generic name for the six ethno- linguistic groups spread over the mountains and foothills of Mindoro, an island southwest of Luzon namely Batangan, Iraya , Hanunoo , Alangan , Ratagnon , Buhid and Tadyawan . They are described as the first inhabitants of the island and until today, they are one of the few groups that still practice a pre-Spanish form of writing .

17. PALAWAN HILL TRIBES These are the non-Muslim tribal people of Palawan island located further west of Mindoro. These group is composed of ethnic groups – Tagbanua , Batak, Kalamianes , and Cuyonen .

18. Tagbanua Batak Calamianes Cuyunen / Kuyunon

19. MUSLIM GROUPS These are the Muslims in Mindanao composed of : Maranao, Maguindanao, Tausug, Samal , Yakan , Sangil , Badjao , Kolibugan , Jama Mapun , Iranun , Kalagan , Molbog and Muslim.

20. Maranao Maguindanao Tausug Yakan Sangil Badjao

21. Jama Mapun Iranun Kalagan Molbog Muslim

22. Questions & answers Invite questions from the audience.