Degrees of Comparison

1. DEGREES OF COMPARISON[Tingkat
perbandingan untuk Adjective / Adverb]
Adjective:Kata sifat yang menjelaskan
benda
Adverb:Kata keterangan yang menjelaskan
kata kerja

2. The three degrees of comparison of
modifiers are:
A.The positive degree
B.The comparative degree
C.The superlative degree

3. •Positive Degree
[Membandingkan 2 benda yang se… / tidak se…]
*Equal comparison: An equal comparison indicates that the two entities are (or are not if
negative) exactly the same. The following rule generally applies to this type of comparison.
E.g.-He is as tall as his father
-He is not as tall as his father
* Note: sometimes you may see so instead of as before the adjective or adverb in
negative comparison
E.g.-He is not as tall as his father
OR
-He is not so tall as his father
*Note:Remember that the subject form of the pronoun will always be used
after as in correct English
E.g.Peter is as tall as I You are as old as she
Subject + verb + as + {adjective} + as + {noun}
adverb Pronoun

4. Examples of equal comparisons:
My book is as interesting as yours(adjective)
His car runs as fast as a race car (adverb)
John sings as well as his sister(adverb)
Their house is as big as that one(adjective)
His job is not as difficult as mine
OR (adjective)
His job is not so difficult as mine
They are as lucky as we (adjective)

5. The same idea can also be conveyed in
another way;
Note: As high as means the same as the same height as
-My house is as high as his
-My house is the same height as his
-His father is as old as mine
-His father is the same age as mine
Be sure that you know the following adjectives and
their corresponding nouns
Subject + verb + the same + (noun) + as + {noun}
Pronoun

6. *Tall: manusia, pohon, bangunan / gedung; selain itu ~> high
ColourWhite – blue
TemperatureCold – hot
WidhtWide – narrow
QualityGood – bad
ShapeRound – square – triangle
SizeBig / large – small
DepthDeep – shallow
AgeOld – new – young
LengthLong – short
SpeedFast – quick – slow
PriceCheap – expensive
HeightHigh – low
HeightTall – short
WeightHeavy – light
DistanceFar – near
NounAdjective

7. NOTE: Remember that the opposite of
the same as is different from. NEVER
use different than
Examples of the same as and different from;
These trees are the same as those
He speaks the same language as she
Her address is the same as Rita’s
Their teacher is different from ours
My typewriter types the same as yours
She takes the same courses as her husband

8. 2. Comparative Degree (lebih…daripada…)
Unequal comparison: this type of comparative
implies that the entities are comparable in a greater or lesser
degree
NOTE: The –er suffix means exactly the same as more.
Therefore, they can NEVER be used together. It is
NOT CORRECT to say:
more prettier, more faster, more better
S + verb + {adjective + er} + than + {noun}
{adverb + er*} {pronoun}
{more + adjective / adverb}
{less + adjective / adverb}

9. Examples:
John’s grades are higher than his sister’s {adjective}
Today is hotter than yesterday {adjective}
This chair is more comfortable than the other {adjective}
He speaks Spanish more fluently than I {adverb}
He visits his family less frequently than she does {adverb}
This year’s exhibit is less impressive than last year’s{adjective}
Unequal comparison can be further intensified by adding much or far
before the comparative form
E.g.-Harry’s watch is much nicer than mine
-Your house is far more expensive than mine
-She dances much more artistically than her instructor
- His radio is far better than yours

10. Words of one syllable get er and est
Words of two syllables, ending in;
-le {simple ~ simpler ~ simplest}
-ow {narrow ~ narrower ~ narrowest}
-er {clever ~ cleverer ~ cleverest}
-y {happy ~ happier ~ happiest}
-some {handsome ~ handsomer ~ handsomest}
GET er and est
Words of three syllables, get;
MORE ; MOST
-dangerous ~ more dangerous ~ most dangerous
-beautiful ~ more beautiful ~ most beautiful

11. Doubled comparatives:
the + comparative + subject + verb + the + comparative + subject + verb
-The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel
-The bigger they are, the harder they fall
-The sooner you take the medicine, the better you will feel
the more + subject + verb + the + comparative + subject + verb
-The more diligently you study, the smarter you will become
-The more he slept, the more irritable he became

12. 3. Superlative Degree (Paling…)
In the superlative degree, three or more
entities are compared, one of which is
superior of inferior to the others. The
following rule applies;
S + Verb + the + {adjective + est} + {in / of + singular / plural count noun}
{most + adjective}
{least + adjective}

13. NOTE:
Adverbs usually are not followed
by – er or – est. instead, they are
compared by adding more or less
for the comparative degree, and
by adding most or least to form
the superlative

14. Examples:
These shoes are the least expensive in this
shop
John is the tallest boy in the family
Deana is the shortest of the three sisters
Sally drove the most cautiously of all
That child behaves the most carelessly of the
group