Delhi Sultans

Delhi Sultan History of grade 7

1. Chapter- 3 DELHI SULTANS

2. INTRODUCTION After capturing North India Ghori left India . He left his general Qutubuddin Aibak to take care of India. After death of Ghori in 1206 Qutubuddin established his control over Delhi. He established Slave Dynasty. There were 5 successive dynasty that comprised the Delhi Sultanate.

3. DYNASTIES OF DELHI The Slave Dynasty (1206-1290AD) The Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320AD) The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320- 1414AD) The Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451AD) The Lodi Dynasty (1451-1526AD)

4. QUTUBUDDIN AIBAK:SLAVE DYNASTY

5. SLAVE DYNASTY The first sultan of Delhi was Qutubuddin Aibak . He was slave of Ghori , hence the dynasty was called Slave dynasty. They ruled for 84 years and were called Mamluk Sultans. Mamluk means slave. Qutubuddin was very clever and able administrator. He treated all his subjects with kindness. He earned title of Lakh Baksh , meaning ‘the giver of lakhs ’ for his generosity.

6. Cont…… He was patron of art and literature. He built two mosques one in Delhi and one in Ajmer. Construction of Qutub Minar was also started during his period. He died in Lahore in 1210AD while playing Polo. He was succeeded by Iltutmish , his son-in-law.

7. Shamsuddin Iltutmish

8. Cont……. Iltutmish was wise ruler. He pleased his nobles by granting lands to them called jagirs . He made his ministry with 40 ministers called Chalisa . He divided his empire into small iqtas , which were given to officials in lieu of salary. He introduced silver coin,tanka and copper coin jital . He got qutub minar completed. Minhaj-i-siraj was famous scholar of his period.

9. RAZIA SULTAN She was daughter of Iltutmish . She was only women Sultan of Delhi. She was very capable and wore male attire and rode on elephant. She was able to manage law and order in her rule. The nobles conspired against her and killed her. She was succeded by Ghiyasuddin Balban .

10. KHALJI DYNASTY First ruler of this dynasty was Jalaluddin . He was not strong leader. He was succeeded by Alauddin Khalji He was ambitious ruler. He won over his nobles & soldiers by giving gold to them. His spies were active. He expanded his empire and tried to control Rajput kingdoms.

11. CONT……. After capturing Chittorgarh , when he listened that Padmawati has committed johar , he ordered to kill all enemies. On a single day thirty thousands Rajputs were killed. He was the first ruler of Delhi whose army crossed Vindhya mountain. After his death Khalji dynasty declined. The last Khalji ruler was Khusrau Malik , who was replaced by Tughlaq ruler.

12. Economic measures of Alauddin Khalji Alauddin wanted to capture Deccan and Rujputs for which he required huge army. To maintain army he needed money. To increase revenue collection he controlled prices of all commodities. The Sultan made arrangements to buy all excess non- perishable commodities. A strict watch was kept on business. Anyone found cheating was severely punished.

13. CONT….. The rights of local chieftain to collect taxes was taken of and they were forced to pay taxes. There were three types of taxes: 1. KHARAJ- On cultivation , 50% of farmers Produce ON CATTLE ON HOUSES

14. TUGHLAQ DYNASTY First ruler was Ghisuddin Tughlaq . He was capable commander and able to crush many rebellions of his period. Succeeded by his son Muhammad-bin- Tughlaq . He had deep knowledge in Philosophy, Logic, Mathematics, medicine, Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Sanskrit language. Ibn Battuta , a Moroccan Traveler has written about him.

15. Muhammad-bin- Tughlaq He taught of many ambitious plans but was not able to implement them properly so his plans failed. Two of his such plans were: He shifted his capital from Delhi to Devgiri , which he named Daultabad , so that he can rule properly from there. He ordered all the population to leave Delhi and shift to Daultabad .

16. CONT…… Soon he realised that it is difficult to rule from Daultabad so he again asked the population to move back to Delhi, in which lots of people died and money wasted.

17. II plan of Muhammad-bin- Tughlaq Taxation in the Doab Region At that time this region was facing severe famine. It was a big mistake of Sultan’s part. Peasants left their lands. He had to withdraw his order.

18. III PLAN He has introduced token coins of copper, in place of which silver coins can be taken from treasury. But he was not able to keep control over mint. People started minting coins illegally. As a result trade suffered and foreign merchants refused to accept token currency and Sultan had to give silver coin in exchange of forged coins. The treasury was empty.

19. FIROZ SHAH TUGHLAQ He succeeded Muhammad-bin- Tughlaq . Introduced many new measures to please his nobles and Ulemas . Done lots of work for the welfare of people. He dug new tanks to store water for agricultural purpose. He repaired old tanks prepared by Iltutmish & Alauddin Khalji . He dug canals from the river Yamuna and Sutlaj .

20. CONT…. He constructed 30 mosques, 40 buildings for educational institutions, hospitals, public baths, wells, bridges. New cities were also built during his reign, for example, Firozabad. He was deeply religious man. His death led to war of succession. There was Mongol invasion by Timur , killed thousands of people.

21. CONT…. After Tughlaq dynasty, the Sayyid dynasty and Lodi dynasty ruled over Delhi. Bahlol Lodi was the first ruler of the Lodi dynasty. He was succeeded by Sikandar Lodi and Ibrahim Lodi. Ibrahim Lodi failed to gain support of nobles and finally Daulat Khan Lodiinvited Babur, the ruler of Kabul to invade India and overthrow Ibrahim Lodi. Babur defeated Ibrahim lodi in first Battle of Panipat in 1526.

22. Administration under the Khaljis & Tughlaqs

23. IBN BATTUTA He was a traveller from Morocco, Africa. He had describe about Delhi Sultan in his account.

24. Comparison between Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad-bin Tughlaq

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