Delirium and dementia By Dr. Jahar dutta.pptx

an overview of delirium and dementia

1. Delirium & Dementia Understanding Differences, Symptoms & Management Presented by - Dr. Jahar Dutta, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Chattogram Medical College & Hospital.

2. Overview of the importance of understanding delirium and dementia

3. Definitions

4. Delirium Acute Condition : Rapid onset of confusion and changes in mental state. Fluctuating Course : Symptoms can come and go, varying in severity. Reversible : Often temporary and can be treated if the underlying cause is addressed. Symptoms : Includes disorganized thinking, inattention, and altered levels of consciousness.

5. Dementia Chronic Condition : Gradual decline in cognitive function over time. Progressive : Symptoms steadily worsen and are typically irreversible. Persistent : Long-lasting and usually requires ongoing management. Symptoms : Involves memory loss, difficulty with language, problem-solving, and changes in personality.

6. Acute onset and fluctuating course of delirium

7. Acute Onset

8. Fluctuating Course

9. Progressive nature of Dementia

10. Progressive Nature

11. Types of Dementia

12. Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for around 60-70% of cases.

13. Vascular Dementia Occurs as a result of impaired blood flow to the brain, often due to strokes or small vessel disease.

14. Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) Characterized by the presence of abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain.

15. Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) Involves degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain.

16. Mixed Dementia

17. Epidemiology of Delirium

18. Prevalence in Hospital Settings

19. Prevalence Among the Elderly

20. Risk Factors for Delirium

21. Symptoms of Delirium

22. Rapid Onset

23. Inattention

24. Disorganized Thinking

25. Altered Level of Consciousness

26. Other Symptoms

27. Importance of Recognition

28. Symptoms of Dementia

29. Diagnostic Criteria for Delirium

30. DSM-5 Criteria

31. Clinical Assessment Tools The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is one of the most commonly used tools for diagnosing delirium. It consists of the following components:

32. Diagnostic Criteria for Dementia

33. DSM-5 Criteria

34. Neuropsychological Tests

35. Imaging Studies

36. Pathophysiology of Delirium

37. Role of Inflammation

38. Pathophysiology of Dementia

39. Vascular Contributions

40. Delirium Vs Dementia

41. Characteristics Delirium Dementia Onset Acute, sudden onset Gradual onset, progressive Course Fluctuating course Steady decline  Reversibility Often reversible with treatment of underlying cause Generally irreversible, though some reversible causes exist Duration Short duration (days to weeks) Long-term (months to years) Attention Impaired attention and concentration Attention may be relatively preserved

42. Characteristics Delirium Dementia Consciousness Altered level of consciousness, ranging from hypoactive to hyperactive Consciousness typically preserved Cognition Impaired attention and concentration Attention may be relatively preserved Typical Population Hospitalized patients, especially elderly Older adults, often with underlying neurodegenerative conditions Precipitating Factors Often triggered by acute medical illness, infections, medications Neurodegenerative diseases, vascular disorders, genetic factors Diagnostic Tools Clinical assessment tools (e.g., CAM) Neuropsychological tests, imaging studies

43. Risk Factors for Delirium

44. Risk Factors for Dementia

45. Prevention of Delirium

46. Early Identification of Risk Factors

47. Non-Pharmacological Interventions

48. Medication Management

49. Prevention of Dementia

50. Healthy Lifestyle Choices

51. Cognitive Stimulation

52. Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors

53. Treatment of Delirium

54. 1. Address Underlying Causes

55. 2. Supportive Care

56. 3. Pharmacological Treatments (Limited Use)

57. Treatment of Dementia

58. 1. Cholinesterase inhibitors

59. M/A of Cholinesterase inhibitors

60. 2. Non-pharmacological Approaches

61. Behavioral interventions

62. Psychological support

63. Occupational Therapy

64. Thank You!