Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease awareness.pptx

The presentation is about creating awareness about dementia

1. Dementia : Arabinda Mukherjee Arabinda Mukherjee

2. Human brain

3. Risk factors for developing dementia Genetics Age (more common in those 65 or older) High blood pressure (hypertension) High blood sugar (diabetes) Overweight or obese . Smoking Alcohol Socially withdrawn Sedentary life

4. Genetics of AD Risk genes increase your likelihood for a disease but do not guarantee you will have it. The strongest risk gene for Alzheimer’s is called apolipoprotein E-e (APOE-e4). Studies indicate that this gene may factor into 20-25% of Alzheimer’s cases. If you inherit APOE-e4 from one parent, your risk for Alzheimer’s increases. Inheriting it from both parents makes your risks go up even higher, but it is still not a certainty. Deterministic genes cause a disease or disorder and guarantee you will develop it if you inherit these genes. Research shows that gene variations in three proteins, amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PS-1) and presenilin-2 (PS-2), will result in Alzheimer’s disease. Also called familial Alzheimer’s disease, deterministic gene variations often affect many family members in multiple generations, and symptoms typically develop before age 60. However, this form of Alzheimer’s accounts for fewer than 5% of cases

5. Dementia :introduction Progressive dementia : ATD,FTD,DLB Reversible dementia Vitaminndef,Neurosyphilis,Autoimmune encephalopathy, WE, Head HIV Pseudo dementia : Depression ,Anxiety

6. Worldwide, there is one new case of dementia diagnosed every seven seconds. 5% of people over 65 have dementia. This increases to 10% after 75 years of age.

7. Dementia prevalence : india The estimated dementia prevalence for adults ages 60+ in India is 7.4%. About 8.8 million Indians older than 60 years live with dementia.

8. Dementia : impact A Activities of daily life : Cooking, dressing, making phone calls B Behaviour : Depression,apathy,agitation,paranoia C Cognition : Loss of memory, fumbling with words, performing skilled works

9. Every person is unique and dementia effects every individual differently, with no two people experiencing symptoms in exactly the same way . Memory loss Difficulty performing familiar tasks Problems with language Disorientation to time and place Poor or decreased judgement Problems keeping track of things Misplacing things Changes in mood and behavior Challenges understanding visual and spatial information Withdrawal from work or social activities

10. Impact of dementia on a patient

11. Stages of dementia Early (1) Moderate (2) Late (3) Mostly independent Mood fluctuations, apathy Require round the clock assistance Difficulty in finding right word or name Unable to recall Difficulty in communication Forgets tasks done just before Geographical and spatial disorientation Deterioration of physical health and mobility Difficulty in preforming in social or work settings Change of personality, behaviour Vegetative state

12. Dementia : effect on caregivers

13. Story of Nilima Nilima (name changed) 56 years female was a Professor of Chemistry in a reputed college in Kolkata. She was an acclaimed teacher and had written research papers. In 2019 while lecturing she started fumbling with words and had to consult notes. It was initially attributed to stress and ignored. Over next few months the problem increased and after six months she was unable to continue .She took voluntary retirement. At this point she consulted me & was diagnosed as dementia (FTD) One day while driving back from a friends place she lost way and was rescued by Police Husband noted she became withdrawn and seldom took interest in social interaction 6 months down she hardly could manage activities of daily living like dressing, grooming,bathing,eating

14. Story of Nilima continues She was often disoriented about day and night ,space orientation in her own house, On two occasions she was found by neighbours wandering aimlessly in street without being properly dressed On days she woke up in the middle of night and shouted seeing imaginary figures Of late she thinks her husband is a stranger ( Capgrass syndrome) She is on medications but gradually going downhill

15. Story of a daughter my mother has FTl dementia diagnosed in 2016. She was quite normal until she broke her hip in 2017 and deteriorated when she came home with poor mobility. By September she had lost all speech, from March until January 2018 she screamed all the time, and obsessed about being taken out or going to the toilet. In January 2018 she was admitted into a hospital where she remains at the moment, with pneumonia and sepsis, although now awaiting for her to come home. October she was diagnosed with stage two dementia with swallowing difficulties. She is very vacant and stares through us all. She is unable to communicate at all, her muscles are contracting and she has also lost a lot of weight. She is eating and drinking less than she usually would. We have been told she is now in advanced stages and no longer mobile. We feel she may be waiting to come home. We do think she still recognizes us. The hospital seem to think otherwise!

16. Facing the challenge Prevention Diagnosis Plan for future Logistics : Care giving, safety measures, emergency situations Pharmacotherapy Cognitive and behavior treatment

17. Dementia : prevention

18. Life style modification Stay physically active. Eat healthy Stop smoking and drinking alcohol. Get regular check-ups with your doctor. Keep up your hobbies and do things that you enjoy.Join voluntary work Try new ways to keep your mind active .learn a new language, music Spend time with friends and family and engage in community life.

19. The Mediterranean diet emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, fish and other seafood, unsaturated fats such as olive oils, and low amounts of red meat, eggs, and sweets. MIND diet (Mediterranean DASH intervention for Neurodegenerative delay

20. dementia : treatment Diagnosis Pharmacotherapy Cognitive & behaviour therapy Preventing complications Counselling family members

21. Managing dementia patients: Tips to caregivers Don’t argue / don’t be combative Allow them some independence Limit nap time Set a routine Make home safe Make mealtime easier Music and activities Understand Sundowning Take care of yourself Try not to hurt your feelings

22. Preventing fall in dementia

23. Burden of dementia Family Care givers Society State

24. Economic burden of dementia in india

25. Care giver responsibility Assisting in daily activities Dressing, bathing,grooming,feeding Administration of medication Interact with doctors, friends and family Engaging in activities

26. As a caregiver for someone with AD, your responsibilities can include: Getting your loved one's health, legal, and financial affairs in order. Make a living will, include spouse/children in bank A/ C,properties.POA to trusted person ,end of care decisions If possible, include them in the planning while they can still make decisions.

27. Dementia :impact on caregivers

28. Glitter of hope Cure for AD Lecanemab (FDA approval 2023)

29. Services provided by ARDSI Day care facilities for persons with dementia Respite care services Residential care facilities Counselling and guidance for family care givers Home care services Memory clinics

30. How we can get involved? Awareness program : Media, group meetings, NGO Support to caregivers : Training, support groups, daycare centres, nursing home living Setting up memory clinics Legal and medical help Share financial burden

31. “ I read something from the wife of a man with Alzheimer’s who had a wonderful way of looking at this,” said Cramer. “She was sitting in a car with her husband who no longer remembered her. She lovingly touched his arm. He pulled away and said ‘I’m sorry miss. You are very nice, but I love my wife.’ Instead of being sad, this filled his wife with joy because he still remembered her.” Chapters Health S