Democracy & Gender In Turkey

Gender legal disparity and reform in Turkey

1. Democracy & Gender in Turkey

2. Gender & the Law beginning of the 20th century

3. Population, urbanisation , female literacy in Turkey, 1945-2000 Year Population (m) Urbanisation Female literacy 1945 18.8 25% 13% 1960 27.8 32% 25% 1980 44.7 44% 55% 2000 67.8 65% 81% Social Change in the 20th century

4. At the End of the 20th century

5. Minding the Gender Gap

6. Global Gender Gap Index 2007

7. Turkey’s Gender Gap Indicator Spain Bulgaria Turkey Female labour force 45% 41% 28% Legislators, senior officials, managers 30% 30% 6% Professional and technical workers 47% 34% 30% Enrolment – primary 99% 95% 87% Enrolment – secondary 99% 87% - Enrolment – tertiary 72% 44% 24% Women in parliament 36% 22% 4% Women in ministerial positions 50% 24% 4%

8. Legal Change or Institutional Change?

9. Institutional Change

10. The new Penal Code

11. GETTING TO SPAIN?

12. TURKEY’S FUTURE?

13. GENDER EQUALITY

14. Sources: European Stability Initiative, SEX AND POWER IN TURKEY: Feminism, Islam and the Maturing of Turkish Democracy, Berlin- Istanbul June 2007 http://www.esiweb.org/pdf/esi_document_id_90.pdf World Economic Forum, The Global Gender Gap Report 2007 http://www.weforum.org/pdf/gendergap/report2007.pdf Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit Europe and Central Asia Region, Bridging the Gender Gap in Turkey: A Milestone Towards Faster Socio-economic Development and Poverty Reduction, September 16, 2003 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTECAREGTOPGENDER/Resources/TurkeyCGA.pdf