Dental anatomy and morphology lecture

here we will talk about the dental morphology for every single unit , the relation between the teeth and between the jaws

1. Dental anatomy
DT. Mo'ath Basheer
ORGANIZED BY:
DT. SARAH OMARI

2. Index
Content…
A. Dental anatomy….
1. Dental anatomy…. 5
2. Philosophy of the writer…. 8
3. Anterior teeth(Terminologies)…. 9
4. Anterior teeth…. 12
Upper central incisors…. 13
Upper lateral incisors…. 15
Upper canine…. 17
Lower central incisors…. 19
Lower lateral incisors…. 21
Lower canine… 23

3. 5. Posterior teeth (Terminologies)…. 25
6. Posterior teeth…. 28
Upper first premolar…. 29
Upper second premolar…. 32
Upper first molar…. 35
Upper second molar…. 41
Lower first premolar…. 43
Lower second premolar…. 46
Lower first molar… 48
Lower second molar…. 54

4. B. The relationship between the teeth in each jaw…. 56
1. Contact point (upper jaw) …. 58
2. Contact point (lower jaw) …. 62
3. Angulation and Inclination (upper jaw) …. 66
4. Angulation and Inclination (lower jaw) …. 67
5. Conclusion …. 68
C. The relationship between the two jaws…. 69

5. 1. Dental anatomy
Dental anatomy:
that branch of gross anatomy concerned with the morphology of teeth,
their location, position, and relationships.
Why we are studying dental anatomy?
To develop adequate skill to reproduce any part of the tooth, thus
maintaining the perfect correlation with the teeth, maintain the aesthetic
and function for teeth and relationship between the teeth.

6. We can divide the teeth into:
Incisors Cuspids Bicuspids Molars
They are located in the
front part of the mouth and
have sharp and thin edges
for cutting.
Also call them canines.
canines are the sharp, pointed
teeth(it has a single cusp
instead of an incisal edge) that
sit next to the incisors and it's
the longest of all the teeth,
and people use them to tear
food.
Also call them premolars.
premolars are have two
cusps used for tearing and
cutting the food. The
premolars are so named
because they are anterior
to the molars.
Molars are located in the
back part of the mouth,
they are the largest and
strongest teeth and provide
a broad surface for
grinding and chewing the
food. it's usually has four
or five cusps.

7. Incisors Cuspids Bicuspids Molars
2
UR
2
LR
2
LL
2
UL
1
UR
1
LR
1
LL
1
UL
2
UR
2
LR
2
LL
2
UL
3
UR
3
LR
3
LL
3
UL
UR: upper right. UL: upper left.
LR: lower right. LL: lower left.
The number of teeth in each jaw

8. 2. Philosophy of the writer
-I mean, How I arranged this lecture?
-Before starting to study dental anatomy, you should know some
important Terminologies.
-To make things easier, I will divide the terminology into two parts, the
first part for the front teeth and the second part for the back teeth, noting
that there are common terms, I did not repeat them.

9. 3. Anterior teeth(Terminologies)
1. Lobe:
Essential vertical convexities of the teeth that separated by developmental
grooves.
2. Developmental grooves:
Shallow depression between the convexities of the crown or root that
separate lobes, formed during the development.
3.Mamelons:
Small and rounded protrudes of enamel found on the incisal edges of the
young people. They are three which are mesial, middle and distal named
according to the position of the lobe. Mesial is the largest and middle is the
smallest.

10. 4. Fossa:
Irregular depression or concavities, lingual/palatal fossa is a type found in the
anterior teeth that bordered by four elevations (which are Cingulum, incisal,
mesial and distal marginal ridges).
5. Marginal ridges :
Rounded elevation border (line) of enamel that forms the mesial and distal
margins of anterior and posterior teeth.
6. Cingulum:
A convexity located directly after the palatal/lingual fossa found in the
cervical third of anterior teeth.

11. 7. Crest of curvature:
The height of contour or the maximum convexity on the facial or lingual
surfaces of the crown.
8. Cusp:
Asharp three dimensional structures respectively, it found on (canines,
premolars, molars).

12. 4. Anterior teeth
Upper central incisors Upper lateral incisors
Upper canine
Lower central incisors Lower lateral incisors
Lower canine

13. Labial aspectLabial aspectLabial aspect
Upper central incisors
Distal aspectMesialaspectIncisal aspectLingualaspect

14. Labialaspect:
Lobe
developmental grooves
Mamelons
Incisal edge
Labialaspect
Lingualaspect:
Lingual fossa
Marginal ridges
Cingulum
Lingualaspect
D M M D
-The mesial incisal angle is
relatively sharp, the distal
incisal angle rounded.

15. Upper lateral incisors
Labial aspectLabial aspectLabial aspect Distal aspectMesialaspectIncisal aspectLingualaspect

16. Labialaspect:
Lobe
developmental grooves
Mamelons
Incisal edge
Labialaspect
Lingualaspect:
Lingual fossa
Marginal ridges
Cingulum
Lingualaspect
-The mesioincisal angle more
rounded than central
-The distoincisal angle is
noticeably more rounded
than its central incisor
counterpart, and also more
rounded than its own
mesioincisal angle.
D M M D

17. Labial aspectLabial aspect
Upper canine
Distal aspectMesialaspectIncisal aspectLingualaspect

18. Labialaspect:
Lobe
developmental grooves
Slopes
Cusp tip
Labialaspect
Lingualaspect:
Marginal ridges
Cingulum
Lingual Ridge
Lingual Fossa
Lingualaspect
The mesial slope shorter
than distal slope.
M D D M

19. Lower central incisors
Labial aspectLabial aspectLabial aspect Lingualaspect Distal aspectMesialaspectIncisal aspect

20. Labialaspect:
Lobe
developmental grooves
Mamelons
Incisal edge
Labialaspect
Lingualaspect:
Lingual fossa
Marginal ridges
Cingulum
Lingualaspect
The mesioincisal angle
is quite sharp and the
distoincisal similarly
sharp.
D M M D

21. Lower lateral incisors
Labial aspectLabial aspectLabial aspect Distal aspectMesialaspectIncisal aspectLingualaspect

22. Labialaspect:
Lobe
developmental grooves
Mamelons
Incisal edge
Labialaspect
Lingualaspect:
Lingual fossa
Marginal ridges
Cingulum
Lingualaspect
The mesioincisal angle is
sharp and the distoincisal
angle that is more
rounded.
D M M D

23. Labial aspectLabial aspect
Lower canine
Distal aspectMesialaspectIncisal aspectLingualaspect

24. Labialaspect:
Lobe
developmental grooves
Slopes
Cusp tip
Labialaspect
Lingualaspect:
Marginal ridges
Cingulum
Lingual Ridge
Lingual Fossa
Lingualaspect
The mesial slope shorter
than distal slope.
M D D M

25. 5. Posterior teeth (Terminologies)
1. Marginal ridges:
Rounded elevation border (linear) of enamel that forms the mesial and distal
margins of anterior and posterior teeth.
2. Triangular ridge:
Present only on posteriors. This ridge descends from cusp tip up to the center
of the occlusal surface. It is named according to the cusp from which it forms
and located.
3. Triangular fossa:
Mesial and distal triangular fossae are situated next to mesial and distal
marginal ridges on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth.

26. 4. Transverse ridge:
Formed by connecting of buccal and lingual triangular ridges of posterior
tooth. Transverse ridges are present on the occlusal surface of premolars and
permanent mandibular molars.
5. Oblique ridge:
Formed in the maxillary first molar by union of triangular ridges of the
mesiopalataland the distobuccalcusps, it crosses the occlusal surface
obliquely.
6. Fossa:
Irregular depression or concavities, lingual/palatal fossa is a type found in the
anterior teeth that bordered by four elevations (which are Cingulum, incisal,
mesial and distal marginal ridges).

27. 7. Central fossa:
The central depression on the occlusal surface of maxillary and mandibular
posterior teeth.
8. Supplemental Groove:
A minor, auxiliary groove that branches off from a prominent developmental
groove and gives the occlusal surface a wrinkled appearance.
9. Pit:
A small point depressions located at the junction of developmental grooves. It
is a small defect in the enamel of the tooth.

28. 6. Posterior teeth
Upper first premolar
Upper second premolar
Upper first molar
Upper second molar
Upper third molar
Lower second premolar
Lower first molar
Lower second molar
Lower third molar
Lower first premolar

29. Upper first premolar
Buccal aspectBuccal aspect Distal aspectMesialaspectOcclusal aspectLingualaspect

30. MBCR, mesiobuccal cusp ridge.
DBCR, distobuccalcusp ridge.
MLCR, mesiolingualcusp ridge.
DLCR, distolingualcusp ridge.
BTR, buccal triangular ridge.
LTR, lingual triangular ridge.
CG, central groove.
TLC, tip of lingual cusp.
TBC, tip of buccal cusp.
DTF, distal triangular fossa.
MTF, mesial triangular fossa.
DBDG, distobuccaldevelopmental groove.
MBDG, mesiobuccal developmental groove.
MMDG, mesial marginal developmental groove.
MMR, mesial marginal ridge.
DMR, distal marginal ridge.
Occlusal aspect

31. Lobe.
Developmental grooves.
Slopes.
The distalslope shorter
than mesial slope.
MD
Buccal aspect

32. Upper second premolar
Buccal aspectBuccal aspect Distal aspectMesialaspectOcclusal aspectLingualaspect

33. DTF, distal triangular fossa.
MTF, mesial triangular fossa.
TLC, tip of lingual cusp.
TBC, Tip of buccal cusp.
CG, central groove.
BTR, buccal triangular ridge.
LTR, lingual triangular ridge.
DBDG, distobuccaldevelopmental groove.
MBDG, mesiobuccal developmental groove.
Supplementary grooves.
Occlusal aspect

34. Lobe.
developmental grooves.
Slopes.
The distalslope shorter
than mesial slope.
MD
Buccal aspect

35. Upper first molar
Buccal aspect Distal aspect MesialaspectOcclusal aspectLingualaspect

36. MMR,Mesial marginal ridge.
DMR,Distal marginal ridge.
OR,Oblique ridge.
TGOR, Transverse groove of the oblique ridge.
MTF,Mesial triangular fossa.
DTF,Distal triangular fossa.
MBCR, Mesiobuccal cusp ridge.
MLCR, mesiolingualcusp ridge.
DLCR, distolingualcusp ridge.
Carabillicusp.
FCG, fifth cusp groove.
BDG, Buccal developmental groove.
CDG, Central developmental groove.
LDG, Lingual developmental groove.
MP, Mesial pit.
DP, Distal pit.
CDP, Central developmental pit.
DOG, Distal oblique groove.
Occlusal aspect
Mesiolingualcusp<Mesiobuccalcusp<distobuccalcusp<distolingualcusp

37. BDG, buccal developmental groove.
DBC, distobuccalcusp.
MBC, mesiobuccal cusp.
MLC, mesiolingualcusp.
Buccal aspect

38. Carabillicusp.
LDG, lingual developmental groove.
DLC, distolingualcusp.
MLC, mesiolingualcusp.
Lingualaspect

39. Carabillicusp.
MBC, mesiobuccal cusp.
MLC, mesiolingualcusp.
MCA, mesial contact area.
MMR, mesial marginal ridge.
Mesialaspect

40. DBC, distobuccalcusp.
DLC, distolingualcusp.
DMR, distal marginal ridge.
DCA, distal contact area.
Distal aspect

41. Upper second molar
Buccal aspect Distal aspect MesialaspectOcclusal aspectLingualaspect

42. MMR,Mesial marginal ridge.
DMR,Distal marginal ridge.
OR,Oblique ridge.
TGOR, Transverse groove of the oblique ridge.
MTF,Mesial triangular fossa.
DTF,Distal triangular fossa.
MBCR, Mesiobuccal cusp ridge.
MLCR, mesiolingualcusp ridge.
DLCR, distolingualcusp ridge.
BDG, Buccal developmental groove.
CDG, Central developmental groove.
LDG, Lingual developmental groove.
MP, Mesial pit.
DP, Distal pit.
CDP, Central developmental pit.
DOG, Distal oblique groove.
Occlusal aspect
Mesiolingualcusp<Mesiobuccalcusp<distobuccalcusp<distolingualcusp

43. Lower first premolar
Buccal aspect Distal aspect MesialaspectOcclusal aspectLingualaspect

44. MMR, mesial marginal ridge.
MBCR, mesiobuccal cusp ridge.
MLDG, mesiolingualdevelopmental groove.
CDG, central developmental groove.
BTR, buccal triangular ridge.
DMR, distal marginal ridge.
DBCR, distobuccalcusp ridge.
MP, Mesial pit.
Occlusal aspect

45. BC, Buccal cusp.
LC, lingual cusp.
MCA, mesial contact area.
MLDG, mesiolingualdevelopmental groove.
MMR, mesial marginal ridge.
BTR, buccal triangular ridge.
Mesialaspect

46. Lower second premolar
Buccal aspect Distal aspect MesialaspectOcclusal aspectLingualaspect

47. MP, Mesial pit.
DP, Distal pit.
CP, Central pit.
BTR, buccal triangular ridge.
DLTR, distolingualtriangular ridge.
MLTR, mesiolingualtriangular ridge.
CG, central groove.
LDG, lingual developmental groove.
Occlusal aspect

48. Lower first molar
Buccal aspect Distal aspect MesialaspectOcclusal aspectLingualaspect

49. DBCR, Distobuccalcusp ridge.
DBDG, distobuccaldevelopmental groove.
DCR, distal cusp ridge.
DLCR, distolingualcusp ridge.
LDG, lingual developmental groove.
MLCR, mesiolingualcusp ridge.
MTF, mesial triangular fossa.
DTF, distal triangular fossa.
MBCR, mesiobuccal cusp ridge.
MBDG, mesiobuccal developmental groove.
CP, Central pit.
MP, mesial pit.
DP, distal pit.
MMR, mesial marginal ridge.
DMR, distal marginal ridge.
CDG, central developmental groove.
Occlusal aspect
mesiobuccal cusp is the biggest cusp.
distal cusp is the smallest cusp.

50. MBDG, Mesiobuccal developmental groove.
DBDG, distobuccaldevelopmental groove.
DC, distal cusp.
DLC, distolingualcusp.
DBC, distobuccalcusp.
MLC, mesiolingualcusp.
MBC, mesiobuccal cusp.
Buccal aspect

51. DLC, Distolingualcusp.
LDG, lingual developmental groove.
MLC, mesiolingualcusp.
Lingualaspect

52. MMR, Mesial marginal ridge.
MLC, mesiolingualcusp.
MCA, mesial contact area.
MBC, mesiobuccal cusp.
Mesialaspect

53. MMR, Mesial marginal ridge.
MBC, mesiobuccal cusp.
DBC, distobuccalcusp.
DC, distal cusp.
DBDG, distobuccaldevelopmental groove.
DCA, distal contact area.
DMR, distal marginal ridge.
DLC, distolingualcusp.
MLC, mesiolingualcusp.
Distal aspect

54. Lower second molar
Buccal aspect Distal aspect MesialaspectOcclusal aspectLingualaspect

55. MBCR, mesiobuccal cusp ridge.
DLCR, distolingualcusp ridge.
DBCR, Distobuccalcusp ridge.
MLCR, mesiolingualcusp ridge.
CP, Central pit.
MP, mesial pit.
DP, distal pit.
MTF, mesial triangular fossa.
DTF, distal triangular fossa.
BDG, Buccal developmental groove.
LDG, lingual developmental groove.
MMR, mesial marginal ridge.
DMR, distal marginal ridge.
Occlusal aspect

56. B. The relationship between the
teeth in each jaw

57. In this section, we will talk about:
1. the contact point between the teeth in the jaws.
2. The position of the teeth in each jaw.
1. Contact point:
Two adjacent teeth of the same arch are in contact in a point for proper
alignment in the jaw. Normally located in anteriors as the contact is narrower
as in case of posteriors.
2. Contact area:
Two adjacent teeth of the same arch are in contact in an area for proper
alignment in the jaw. Normally located in posteriors as the contact is broader
unlike anteriors where contact is point or a smaller area.

58. 1. Contact point (upper jaw)
Upper central incisor:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Contact point to be in the incisal third of the crowns.
Distal:
Contact point is approximately at the junction of the middle
and incisal thirds of the teeth.
Upper lateral incisor:
Contact point:
Distal:
The contact point is in the middle third of the crowns.

59. Upper canine:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Contact point is nearly at the junction of their incisal and middle
thirds.
Distal:
The contact point is located in the middle third of the crowns.
Upper first premolar:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Contact point is at the junction of the occlusal and middle
thirds of the crowns.
Distal:
Is at in the occlusal thirds of the crowns.

60. Upper second premolar:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Is at in the occlusal thirds of the crowns.
Distal:
Is at in the occlusal thirds of the crowns.
Upper first molar:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Is at in the occlusal thirds of the crowns.
Distal:
Contact point to be located at about the junction of the
occlusal and middle thirds.

61. Upper second molar:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Contact point to be located at about the
junction of the occlusal and middle thirds.

62. 2. Contact point (lower jaw)
Lower central and lateral incisors:
Contact point:
Mesial + Distal:
The contact point are uniform and occur at the incisal third of
the tooth crowns.
Lower canine:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Contact point is at the incisal third of the tooth crowns.
Distal:
Contact point is at in the middle thirds of the crowns.

63. Lower first premolar:
Contact point:
Mesial + Distal:
They are located in the occlusal thirds of the crowns.
Lower second premolar:
Contact point:
Mesial + Distal:
They are located in the occlusal thirds of the crowns.

64. Lower first molar:
Contact point:
Mesial:
They are located in the occlusal thirds of the crowns.
Distal:
Is located near the junction of the middle and occlusal
thirds of the tooth crowns.
Lower second molar:
Contact point:
Mesial:
Is located near the junction of the middle and occlusal
thirds of the tooth crowns.
Distal:
Is located near the junction of the middle and occlusal
thirds of the tooth crowns.

65. Summary (contact point)

66. The position of the teeth in each jaw
(Angulation and Inclination)
AngulationInclination
Upper jaw

67. The position of the teeth in each jaw
(Angulation and Inclination)
AngulationInclination
Lowerjaw

68. After your study of the contact points and the position of the teeth in each
jaw, we can conclude two important concepts:
1. Curve of Spee:
The curvature which begins at the tip of
canines & follows buccal cusp tips of
premolars & molars posteriorly, when
viewed from their facial aspect.
2. CURVE OF WILSON:
A curve that contacts the buccal and
lingual cusp tips of the mandibular buccal
teeth It is mediolateralon each side of the arch.
5. Conclusion

69. C. The relationship between the two jaws
1. Centric occlusion:
When the upper and lower teeth are in the Maximum intercuspation.
2. Centric relation:
The relation between the upper and lower jaws when the teeth are in
centric occlusion.

70. 4. Overbite:
(Vertical overlap)
Upper anterior teeth cover 1/3 -1/2 the
crowns of lower anterior teeth.
5. Overjet:
(Horizontal overlap)
Upper anterior teeth away 1-2 mm from the
incisal edge lower teeth.