DENTAL CARIES PRESENTATION DOWNLOAD.pptx

PPT for Dental Caries

1. DENTAL CARIES

2. Definition : it is a reversible(in its earliest stages), progressive disease of the dental hard tissues, instigated by the action of bacteria upon fermentable carbohydrates in the plaque biofilm on the tooth surfaces, leading to acid demineralization and ultimately proteolytic destruction of the organic component of the dental tissues

3. AETIOLOGY BACTERIA : Streptococcus mutans Lactobacillus species Bifidobacteria species

4. ROLE OF DENTAL PLAQUE : - Plaque defined as a soft, unmineralized , bacterial deposit or biofilm which forms on teeth Resists cleansing by physiological oral forces like salivary washing and tongue movements but is removable by tooth brushing

5. COMPOSITION OF DENTAL PLAQUE => Water – 80% Solids – 20% Dry weight of plaque composed of Bacterial & Salivary proteins – 50% Carbohydrates & Lipids 25% Inorganic ions

6. SUSCEPTIBLE TOOTH SURFACES : Carious lesions occur on tooth surfaces that have accumulated plaque , stagnating for a prolonged period of time includes Pits and fissures on posterior occlusal/buccal surfaces Approximal surfaces(mesial and distal) cervical to the contacts of adjacent teeth Smooth surfaces adjacent to the gingival margin Ledge/overhang/defective margins of restoration

7. FERMENTABLE CARBOHYDRATES : the plaque bacteria are capable of metabolizing certain dietary carbohydrates( sucrose and glucose) producing various organic acids(lactic, acetic, propionic acids) at the tooth surface causing plaque Ph to fall within 1 to 3 minutes and intiating demineralization if the ph drops to 5.5

8. TIME : Even if the pH drop is rapid, sufficient time is required for the plaque biofilm to produce a net mineral loss equating to hard tissue damage at the tooth surface.

9. DETERMINANTS: Income Knowledge about their own health Attitudes to health care Social class Behaviour Education

10. TERMINOLOGY Primary caries: occurs on previously sound tooth surface

11. ROOT CARIES: Occurs on exposed root surfaces

12. RECURRENT (SECONDAY )CARIES: Is primary caries occurring on the margins of restoration.

13. SMOOTH SURFACE CARIES Develops on proximal surfaces of all teeth or on gingival 1/3 rd of buccal and lingual surfaces. Here, the caries is preceded by formation of dental plaque, quite unlike the pit and fissure caries. Presence of plaque ensures retention of carbohydrate and bacteria on tooth surfaces, leading to subsequent acid production and demineralization of enamel.

14. Smooth surface caries usually begins just below the contact point and appears in initial stages as a faint white opacity of enamel without loss of continuity of enamel surface. The early chalky white spot becomes roughened owing to superficial decalcification of enamel.

15. RAMPANT DENTAL CARIES Characterized by sudden, rapid destruction of teeth affecting even relatively caries free surfaces like proximal and cervical surfaces of mandibular teeth. 10 or more carious lesions over a one year period is characteristic of rampant caries.