Dental pharmacology

DRUGS USED IN DENTAL PRACTICE PART 2

1. IN DENTISTRY DENTAL PHARMACOLOGY DRUGS SPECIFICALLY USED 12/20/2018 PATKI 1 PART2

2. 12/20/2018 PATKI 2

3. ASTRINGENTS IN DENTISTRY Precipitate proteins on the surface. Used as hemostats and mummifying agents. Tannic acid,30% used in mouthwashes Zinc chloride- Gingivitis, pyorrhoea. Zinc sulphate Copper sulphate Alum 12/20/2018 PATKI 3

4. Bleeching agnets Remove the pigments Oxidizing agent- Perhydrol , sodium peroxide, Chlorinated lime. Reducing agents-Sodium thiosulphate , Silver, iodine Ultravoilet rays. 12/20/2018 PATKI 4

5. MUMMIFYING AGENTS Used to harden and dry tissues during rootcanal . Pulp can be hardened. Tannic acid used with glycerine Paraform -zinc oxide and creosate , liberates formaldehyde. Idoform -iodine release Toothache drops- Benzocaine, clove oil 12/20/2018 PATKI 5

6. Styptics Stop bleeding 12/20/2018 PATKI 6

7. Styptics Local hemostatics used to arrest bleeding. Cotton gauze Gelatin sponge Fibrin foam Human or bovine thrombin Adrenalin Astrigents , Tranexamic acid. Ethamsylate 12/20/2018 PATKI 7

8. MOUTH WASHES Aqueous solution used for swishing the oral cavity. 15-30 ml per rinse Therapeutic mouth wash-reduce dental plaque, dental caries, gingivitis,stomatitis . Cosmetic mouthwashes- halitosis, dental whiteness. 12/20/2018 PATKI 8

9. Mouth washes Alcohol, Humactants - Glycerine and sorbitol Surfactants- Polyetheline derivatives. Sodium lauryl sulphate Cetyl Flavouring agents- peppermintoil , menthol Coloring agents-methylene blue, magenta Medicated- pilocarpine , antimicrobials, etc 12/20/2018 PATKI 9

10. FLUORIDES IN DENTISTRY 12/20/2018 PATKI 10

11. Fluorides In 1940 relationship between fluoride deficiency and caries teeth was established. Dental fluorosis is related to concentration of fluoride in water. Optimal- 1.0 ppm. Fluoride added to drinking water reduced caries. Widespread use of fluoride in toothpaste . Excess of fluorides leads to ADRs. Topical 2% fluoride in dentifrices reduces caries by 30% 12/20/2018 PATKI 11

12. Prevention of caries Fluoride Avoid colds, carbohydrate drinks Regular teethcare , Use of mouthwashes. Antiplaque agents Deflossing. 12/20/2018 PATKI 12

13. fluorides Stannous fluoride Sodium fluoride Sodium monoflurophosphate Amine fluoride Fluoride toxicity-mottling of teeth, discolor, osteosclerosis , joint pain. Fluoride prophylactically Prevent decalcification of tooth by inhibiting bacterial enzymes producing lactic acid. Prevent enamel weakness Remineralise enamel. Therapeutically- 2% is applied locally on teeth. 12/20/2018 PATKI 13

14. Dental desensitizers 12/20/2018 PATKI 14

15. Dental sensitivity Common, mechanical, chemical or thermal stimuli lead to sensitivity problems. Loss of enamel and nerve exposure Drugs used-Potassium nitrate, Potassium oxalate, Formaldehyde Potassium nitrate in mouthwash or dentifrices can minimize sensitivity in 4-5 weeks. 12/20/2018 PATKI 15

16. Dental sensitivity Dental tubule closure- Potassium nitrate 5% Calcium hydroxide Tubule sealants-Glass ionomers Capping 12/20/2018 PATKI 16