DERMATOGLYPHICS.pptx by shree charan N

By shree charan the GOAT

1. DERMATOGLYPHICS PRIYA M D

2. INTRODUCTION Dermatoglyphics is the study of epidermal ridge patterns and lines (fingerprints) on the skin of the fingers, palms, toes, and soles. Dermatoglyphics is a Greek word, “derma” means skin and “glyph” means carving. A dermatoglyph is literally a ‘skin carving’ or furrow in the skin. R idges appear on the hands between sixth and seventh week of fetal development and are fully formed by the 21st week and remain largely unchanged after this period. E pidermal ridges are formed in the same intrauterine period when neuronal development takes place in the intrauterine life of a fetus. Thus, dermatoglyphics is correlated with genetic abnormalities and is useful in the diagnosis of congenital malformations and many other medical disorders.

3. Dermatoglyphics classification Digital fingerprint patterns were classified into eight types U lnar loop (UL), radial loop (RL), plain arch (PA), tented arch (TA), plain whorl (PW), central pocket loop whorl (CPL), double loop whorl (DL), and accidental whorl (A). Pattern classification described by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) , USA NOTE: Each and every individual has unique fingerprints, even in twins. These fingerprints remain the same lifelong from their development unless they are damaged by dermal injuries.

4. WHORL – Whorl is distinguished by concentric circles. F orm circular or spiral patterns, like tiny whirlpools. There are mainly two groups of whorls P lain whorl - concentric circles, with one complete circle and two deltas. Central pocket whorl - this is a loop with a whorl at the end of it, which can be oval, spiral, or circular. True whorls typically possess two triradii or delta . Whorls make up about 35 percent of pattern types. Whorl with 2 triradii

5. Triradii or Delta A place where two lines run side-by-side and then diverge to form a triangle. or A place where all the ridges meet.

6. A plain whorl consists of one or more ridges which makes complete circuit with two deltas. When an imaginary line is drawn , at least one recurving ridge within in the inner pattern area is cut or touched A central pocket whorl – when an imaginary line is drawn, no recurving ridge within the inner pattern area is cut or touched. PLAIN WHORL CENTRAL POCKET WHORL

7. LOOP Loops are the most common type of fingerprint, accounting for around 60% to 70% of all prints. They are characterized by a circular or oval-shaped pattern. A loop is formed when one or more ridges entering from the same side recurving, existing form the same side Loop must have one delta . Radial loop - The loop  where the ridges start   from  radial bone . T he loop which open towards your thumb. Radial loops are not very common. Ulnar loop – The loop  where the ridges start   from  ulnar bone . T he loop which opens towards your little finger.

8. ARCHES Arches are the least common type of fingerprints, making up around 10% of all. They are characterized by a wave-like pattern. They occur in two different styles. RIDGES enter from one side to another. Plain arch (A): This is the simple of all fingerprint patterns. The ridges run from left side to other side with a small rise at the center like a hill  or hump. T ented arch(T):   In this ridges entering from left side making an upright thrust at the center flowing towards the right side of the pattern. No delta or triradii .

9. RIDGE COUNTING The ridge count is the number of ridges intersected by a line between the triradial points to the point of core.

10. Finger Impression Pattern No. of triradii Ridge count Thumb Index Middle Ring Little Finger Impression Pattern No. of triradii Ridge count Thumb Index Middle Ring Little LEFT RIGHT TOTAL FINGER RIDGE COUNT – represents some of the ridge count of all ten fingers Total = Total =

11. Flexion creases The lines on our palms are scientifically known as  palmar flexion creases . These creases begin to form around the 12th week of gestation.

12. Atd angle measurement The "ATD" angle is a  dermatoglyphic trait  formed by drawing lines between the triradii below the first and last digits and the most proximal triradius on the hypothenar region of the palm . It is how fast brain work….response. ATD angle indicate the  Speed of our brain and muscle coordination  in conveying and Transmitting information. Lesser the ATD angle , faster the brain response. T he ATD angle is a dermatoglyphics trait formed by drawing lines connecting the a  - triradiu (under index finger), the t- axial triradius (near the wrist) and the d- triradius (near the little finger)  points on  the  palm. The  angle indicates the speed  of our  brain and muscle co- ordination in conveying and transmitting information. It reflects how fast our brain responds to the information delivered to our brain through sight, touch, smell, taste and hearing. Lesser the degree of our ATD angle, the more is our learning sensitivity.

13. Angular tri radius

14. Simian crease STPC- single transverse simian crease.  Single palmar crease appears in about 1 out of 30 people. Males are twice as likely as females to have this condition. Some single palmar creases may indicate problems with development and be linked with certain disorders. Down syndrome Aarskog syndrome Fetal alcohol syndrome Trisomy 13 Rubella syndrome Turner syndrome Klinefelter syndrome Pseudohypoparathyroidism   Cri du chat syndrome