Designing an mmWave communication network

A description on mmwave is presented.

1. 1 UNIVERSITY OF BUEA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DESIGNING A RELIABLE mmWave COMMUNICATION NETWORK TOOL FOR 5G, CASE STUDY: DOUALA PRESENTED BY: NKEMBI CHARLES NGOPI ( CT22P025)

2. History of the networks i.e. 2G,3G,4G,5G. What mmWave is all about i.e. Introduction Literature Review Methodology Results Conclusion References 2 OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION

3. We begin with 2G technology 2G refers to the second generation of mobile networks based on GSM. It was introduced in the year 1991 It used the GSM technology Some key features were Digital voice transmission SMS (Short Message Service) Low data transfer rates (up to 64kbps) 3 History of the Work

4. The 3G standard utilizes (UMTS) as its core network architecture. It was developed in the year 2001. Some of the features of the 3G Technology include; High-speed data transfer rates (up to 2Mbps) Multimedia messaging (MMS) Mobile internet access It worked on the WCDMA Technology 4 3G TECHNOLOGY

5. 5 3G Architecture

6. It was developed in 2008. Main difference of 3G and 4G was the data rates 4G was aimed at providing faster and more reliable mobile data services than the existing 3G networks. The two main technologies were LTE and WiMAX. Some features of the 4G technology include; High-speed data transfer rates (up to 1Gbps) Low latency for real-time applications High-definition video streaming 6 4G TECHNOLGY

7. 7 4G Architecture

8. 5G technology is the fifth generation of mobile networks, which provides faster and more reliable mobile data services. It uses advanced wireless technologies and network architecture to deliver higher peak data rates, ultra-low latency. 5G technology operates on a wider range of frequencies than previous generations, including sub-6GHz and millimeter-wave ( mmWave ) frequencies and this allows for faster speeds and low latency. 8 5G TECHNOLOGY

9. The 5G technology was developed in 2019 and its still being deployed till now . The 5G technology includes features such as; Ultra-high-speed data transfer rates (up to 20Gbps) Low latency for real-time applications. Network slicing for customized services Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). 9 5G TECHNOLOGY

10. 10 5G architecture

11. 5G is deployed using a variety of frequency bands and one of the bands being used is the mmWave frequency band. The mmWave frequency band ranges from 30-300GHz. These frequencies are much higher than the frequencies used by previous generations of mobile networks The use of mmWave frequencies in 5G technology allows for much faster data transmission speeds and lower latency. The speeds produced the mmWave can sometimes reach up to 20Gbps. 11 What are mmWave ?

12. Douala which is one of the fastest growing cities in Cameroon and often hosts many events. Because of this and the increasing usage of smart devices in the city, mobile users are demanding to use the data service all over the places. Since 5G is today the most advanced network in the world, telecommunications companies are deploying new 5G technologies in other to be able to solve the problem of the increasing demand for data 12 Problem Statement

13. Singh et al. developed a resource allocation algorithm that optimizes the use of available bandwidth in mmWave systems to improve spectral efficiency. Their approach takes into account the channel conditions, user requirements, and available resources to allocate bandwidth dynamically and maximize throughput. Liang et al. proposed a hybrid beam forming approach that combines analog and digital beam forming to improve the spectral efficiency of mmWave systems. Their approach uses fewer radio frequency chains and reduces the complexity of the system while maintaining high data rates. 13 Literature review

14. Alkhateeb et al. developed a multi-user MIMO system that uses beamforming to improve the spectral efficiency of mmWave systems. Their approach uses a large number of antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to create narrow beams that can be directed towards specific users, reducing interference and improving signal quality . Rappaport et al. proposed a channel model for mmWave systems that takes into account the unique propagation characteristics of these frequencies. Their model includes path loss, shadowing, and multipath effects, and can be used to optimize system design and improve spectral efficiency. 14 LITERATURE REVIEW

15. In this thesis the main objective of this work is to develop a coverage and capacity planning tool for 5G network deployment in the mmwave range and test it for the case of Douala town 15 Objectives

16. While the specific objectives are; To perform the link budget based on the path loss model. To analyze the available power coverage and capacity coverage of cellular network in the upcoming new spectrum for selected area. To develop multi objective network planning and optimization framework for 5G cellular network deployment in the case of Douala To perform pre-launch optimization of the planned network 16 Objectives

17. To be able to proceed with the development of the said network planning tool several steps are proposed for its development Define Requirements. The first Requirement of the project is to develop our own tool which is to be used for the coverage and capacity planning of the Douala Area. The tool which is being developed should be able to deploy 5G through the specified area with mmWave speed rates. 17 Methodology

18. 2. Data Collection. This steps here involves gathering information on the surrounding we are to work on. For our case which is the town of Douala and some of the information here is building layouts, antenna Characteristics and the models used 18 Methodology

19. 3. Propagation Modeling. This phase incorporates determining the appropriate propagation model based on the path loss and accuracy. Effectively accommodated propagation model secures optimal assignment of network resources and undertake selected service quality. The major tasks of this phase includes: Selection of Propagation Model i.e the ABG Model Investigation of link budget Power coverage and capacity coverage dimensioning Determining the number of sites 19 Methodology

20. 4. Network Planning. We would require 100% network coverage to meet the requirements of 5G. Here we talk about Network Coverage: At this level here I am to give the number of BS/Cell sites we are going to be deploying in the area to achieve maximum coverage of 5G. Define the Network Layout: based on field studies I am going to see which layout best fits the locality i.e. define the number of Cells and Sectors to be used 20 Methodology

21. 5. Virtualization. At this level we then create a user friendly Interface that allows users to input parameters and have coverage predictions and to analyze the results gotten 6. Deployment. In the last phase, continuous improvement will be done to optimize the final network planning Result obtained from the radio planning tool. The simulation results can be assessed and refined until the best accommodation between all of the facts is achieved. Then, based on the final radio planning result the network will be deployed. 21 Methodology

22. This section will present the results of our studies and provide an analysis of the results. 22 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 1= Data base username to be used to subsequent logins 2= Required email to be used for registration 3= Required Password. 4= The Account creation

23. 23 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS Here after registering you use your credentials and login i.e. you use your username and password and enter the account you created

24. 24 Results and analysis 1= Here, we entered the parameters required for the coverage, such as frequency, UE and gNodeB powers, losses and more. The cell chosen here is the omnidirectional type (cell covered by an antenna with an aperture angle of 360°). From the diagram we can see that 2=The propagation model used here is the alpha-beta-gamma model and the chosen values are;

25. 25 Results and analysis 1= The number of gNodeB calculated with the omnidirectional cell type here is 32. 2= The radius of the cell found after calculation is 1.93km .

26. The same process is done for the tri-sector cell type and the result gotten is as follows; 26 The number of gNodeBs calculated from tri-sector antennas is 50 gNodeB

27. 27 CAPACITY PLANNING

28. From the simulation above we can see the following; 1=the frequency band used here is band one. 2=we used 200 Mhz bandwidth. 3= 156 GnodeB’s were found. 28 Capacity Planning SUMMARY: The sizing in coverage and capacity of the urbanized area of Douala (306km2) gives us the following results: The number of GNodeB for capacity sizing is: 156 ; The number of GNodeBs for coverage sizing (tri-sector cell type) is: 50 . We can conclude that the GNodeB number for sizing the Yaoundé urbanized area is 156 .

29. We now take the maximum number of gNodeB from the capacity and coverage planning and plot on Google earth and obtain coordinates as shown below. 29 Planning on Google Earth

30. 30 Google Earth

31. 31

32. The objective we set ourselves was to develop a 5G network planning tool. This solution will enable telecoms operators wishing to deploy a 5G network to make use of it. The planning tool we propose here is made up of two modules: the capacity sizing module and the coverage sizing module. Thanks to this tool, operators will be able to enter data for the deployment zone and visualize the results of their planning 32 Conclusion

33. [1] ] Rubio, L.; Torres, R.; Rodrigo Peñarrocha , V.; Pérez, J.; Fernández , H.; Molina-Garcia-Pardo, J.M.; Reig , J.Contribution to the Channel Path Loss and Time-Dispersion Characterization in an Office Environment at 26 GHz. Electronics 2019, 8, 1261 . [2] ] Shu Sun, Theodore S. Rappaport, Mansoor Shafi , Pan Tang, Jianhua Zhang,and Peter J. Smith ,” Propagation Models and Performance Evaluationfor 5G Millimeter-Wave Bands” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 67, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2018. [3] S. Singh, R. Mudumbai , and U. Madhow , “Distributed coordination with deaf neighbors: Efficient medium access for 60 GHz mesh networks,”in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM , San Diego, CA, USA, 2010, pp. 1–9. [5] A. Alkhateeb , O. E. Ayach , G. Leus , and R.W. Heath, “Channel estimation and hybrid precoding for millimeter wave cellular systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Topics Signal Process. , vol. 8, no.5 pp. 831–846, Oct. 2014 [6] T. S. Rappaport, S. Sun, and M. Shafi , “5G channel model with improved accuracy and efficiency in mmWave bands,” IEEE 5G Tech Focus , vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–6, Mar. 2017. 33 REFERENCES

34. THANK YOU 34