Detailed Project Report on SILICON FROM RICE HUSK (PRODUCTION RATE – 30 TPD)

Silicon is a metalloid, with the properties of both metals and non-metals. Its greatest quality is probably its ability to conduct electricity, especially at high temperatures.

Silicon is a chemical element. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor

1. www.eiribooksandprojectreports.com 1


ENGINEERS INDIA RESEARCH INSTITUTE
4/54, Roop Nagar, Delhi-110007 (India)
Phone: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.eiriindia.org



SILICON FROM RICE HUSK
(PRODUCTION RATE – 30 TPD)
[EIRI/EDPR/4686] J.C.: 2903XL



Silicon is a metalloid, with the properties of both metals and non-metals. Its
greatest quality is probably its ability to conduct electricity, especially at high
temperatures.

Silicon is a chemical element. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey
metallic luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor.

It is relatively unreactive. Its oxides form a family of anions known as silicates. Its
melting and boiling points of 1414 °C and 3265 °C, respectively.

Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very
rarely occurs as the pure element in the Earth's crust.

It is widely distributed in space in cosmic dusts, planetoids, and planets as
various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates.

Most silicon is used commercially without being separated, often with very little
processing of the natural minerals.

2. www.eiribooksandprojectreports.com 2


On a weight basis, the abundance of silicon in the crust of Earth is exceeded only
by oxygen. Estimates of the cosmic abundance of other elements often are cited in
terms of the number of their atoms per 106 atoms of silicon. Only hydrogen,
helium, oxygen, neon, nitrogen, and carbon exceed silicon in cosmic abundance.
Silicon is believed to be a cosmic product of alpha-particle absorption, at a
temperature of about 109 K, by the nuclei of carbon-12, oxygen-16, and neon-20.
The energy binding the particles that form the nucleus of silicon is about 8.4
million electron volts (MeV) per nucleon (proton or neutron). Compared with the
maximum of about 8.7 million electron volts for the nucleus of iron, almost twice
as massive as that of silicon, this figure indicates the relative stability of the
silicon nucleus.

Cycling of silica in the marine environment. Silicon commonly occurs in nature as
silicon dioxide (SiO2), also called silica. It cycles through the marine environment,
entering primarily through riverine runoff. Silica is removed from the ocean by
organisms such as diatoms and radiolarians that use an amorphous form of silica
in their cell walls. After they die, their skeletons settle through the water column,
and the silica redissolves. A small number reach the ocean floor, where they either
remain, forming a siliceous ooze, or dissolve and are returned to the photic zone
by upwelling.

Pure silicon is too reactive to be found in nature, but it is found in practically all
rocks as well as in sand, clays, and soils, combined either with oxygen as silica
(SiO2, silicon dioxide) or with oxygen and other elements (e.g., aluminum,
magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, or iron) as silicates.

In compounds, silicon dioxide occurs both in crystalline minerals and amorphous
or seemingly amorphous minerals in all land areas. The natural silicates are
characterized by their abundance, wide distribution, and structural and
compositional complexities.

3. www.eiribooksandprojectreports.com 3

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES
USES
POLYMERS OF SILICON
SILANES
SILICIDES
SILICA
HALIDES
SILICATE MINERALS
SILICIC ACIDS
MARKET OVERVIEW
SILICONE MARKET TRENDS
INCREASING USAGE IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES
SILICON MARKET DYNAMICS
SILICON MARKET SEGMENTATION
SILICON MARKET BY PRODUCT
SILICON MARKET BY APPLICATION
ASIA-PACIFIC REGION IS EXPECTED TO DOMINATE T HE MARKET
SILICON MARKET PLAYERS
BIS SPECIFICATION
SILICON ESTIMATION
PROCESS CHEMISTRY
RICE HUSK TO SILICA
DIGESTION
PRECIPITATION
REGENERATION
CALCINATION AND SLAKING
TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF SILICA
SILICA TO SILICON
RAW MATERIAL
COMPOSITION OF RICE HUSK
FORMULATION
RAW MATERIALS SUPPLI ER
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MATERIALS (GLOBAL)
SUPPLIERS OF RAW MAT ERIALS (INDIA)

4. www.eiribooksandprojectreports.com 4
CAUSTIC SODA
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
CARBON DIOXIDE GAS
PACKAGING MATERIALS (HDPE BAGS)
MANUFACTURING PROCESS STEPS
THE SILICA PRECIPITATION STEPS ARE MENTI ONED BELOW.
DIGESTION
PRECIPITATION
REGENERATION
PROCESS FLOW
REDUCTION PROCESS
PROCESS FLOW
QUALITY CONTROL
BYPRODUCTS/WASTE
TECHNOLOGY SUPPLIER
ENGINEERING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
PROCESS CONTROL
PLANT & MACHINERY SUPPLIERS
COMPLETE PLANT AND MACHINERY
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES (GLOBAL)
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERIES (INDI A)
COMPLETE PLANT SUPPLIERS
MUFFLE FURNACE
FILTER PRESS
BOILER
INDUSTRIAL DRYERS
STORAGE VESSEL
LABORATORY EQUIPMENT S
MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENTS
INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS CONTROL EQUI PMENTS
PACKAGING MACHINE
HORIZONTAL PLATE FILTER PRESS (SPARKLER FILTERS)
ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE
ELECTRICAL & POWER T RANSFORMERS
ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANELS & DISTRIBUTION BOARDS
EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT
INDUSTRIAL WEIGHING SCALE

5. www.eiribooksandprojectreports.com 5
UTILITIES REQUIREMENT (ESTIMATED - MONTH)
ETP FACILITY
SEWAGE AND WASTE WAT ER EFFLUENT
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE SERVICE ARE:
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PRIMARY FACTORS
RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
MARKETS:
POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
WATER SUPPLY:
CLIMATE:
TRANSPORTATION:
WASTE DISPOSAL:
LABOR:
REGULATORY LAWS:
TAXES:
SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
COMMUNITY FACTORS:
FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATI ON SCHEDULE
PROJECT HANDLING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
TIME SCHEDULE
ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
OPERATION PHASE
MITIGATION MEASURES (PROPOSED)
HEALTH SAFETY & ENVI RONMENT
PROJECT FINANCIALS
BASIS & PRESUMPTIONS (FOR PROFITABILITY WORKINGS)
PRELIMINARY PLANT LAYOUT
CONCLUSIONS

6. www.eiribooksandprojectreports.com 6

APPENDIX – A:

01. PLANT ECONOMICS
02. LAND & BUILDING
03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
05. FIXED CAPITAL
06. RAW MATERIAL
07. SALARY AND WAGES
08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
11. COST OF PRODUCTION
12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
13. BREAK EVEN POINT
14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

7. www.eiribooksandprojectreports.com 7



COST ESTIMATION

Plant Capacity 30 MT/Day

Land & Building (7860 sq.mt.) Rs. 7.43 Cr

Plant & Machinery Rs. 21.75 Cr

Working Capital for 0.5 Months Rs. 5.93 Cr

Total Capital Investment Rs. 36.02 Cr

Rate of Return 22%

Break Even Point 65%