Details in Basic human need

Basic human need

1. Which are elements that are necessary for Human S urvival and H ealth ?

2. Basic Human Need

3. CONTAIN Basic Human Need Terminology Introduction Nine Basic Human Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Characteristics of Basic Needs Schematic Representation Of Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Need Five Basic Needs Summary

4. Terminology Physiological needs:- It means bodily needs which includes oxygen, water, food, temperature, elimination, sexuality, rest, etc. Hierarchy:- An organization that classifies people or things in order of rank or importance. Self-Esteem:- One’s good opinion of oneself or self respect. Self-Actualization:- It is the need for self fulfilment, the sense that one is becoming everything that he is capable of being.

5. BASIC HUMAN NEED Introduction :- Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy of basic human needs (1968). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a model that nurses use to understand the interrelationships of basic human needs.

6. Nine Human Basic Needs

7. 1. Security Security is the need to feel safe, to feel assured that they know what is going to happen, to know ahead of time what the plans are. What constitutes security can be different for different people.

8. 2. Adventure Adventure is the need for an rush, to have new experiences, to travel, to have BIG experiences, to have drama in their life, to have a sense of anticipation about upcoming events.

9. 3. Freedom Freedom is the need for independence and spontaneity. It is also the need to have choices and to feel in control of making those choices. What constitutes freedom for one person may be very different from another’s need and perception of freedom.

10. 4. Exchange Exchange is the need to trade information and knowledge with others, not just to mingle or socialize, but to deliver and receive something of value. That something of value may be information, conversation, communication, energy, friendship, services, money, gifts, love, justice, shared experiences.

11. 5. Power People with a need for power need to be in a position of authority and responsibility. They need to explore power, leadership and accomplishment to be good organizers and accept responsibility, setting an example of leadership.

12. 6. Expansion Expansion is the need to build something, to create an empire, to go where no one has gone before.

13. 7. Acceptance Acceptance is the need to accept yourself and be accepted by others. This includes a feeling of belonging. People with a need for acceptance are usually very easy-going and pleasant to have in a group.

14. 8. Community People with a need for community like having people around them. They are highly social and will express their enjoyment of gatherings. They will seek out people and are able to maintain large numbers of relationships.

15. 9. Expressio n Expression is the need to be artistic, to be seen, to be heard, to be felt. It is the need to express oneself through words, speech, actions, dress, art and self-creations of all types.

16. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs According to this model, certain human needs are more basic than others, i.e., some needs must be met before the needs of love and belonging. Self actualization is the highest expression of one’s individual potential and allows for continual discovery of self. Maslow’s hierarchy is useful for understanding the relationships of basic human needs and for establishing priorities of care . Maslow’s model takes into account individual experiences, always unique to the individual.

17. Its absence results in illness. Its presence helps prevent illness or signal health. Meeting it restores health. It is preferred over other satisfactions when unmet. Characteristics of basic needs

18. Maslow arranged the hierarchy to show that certain needs are more basic than others. Although all people have all the needs all the time, people generally strive to meet certain of the needs before attending to other needs. According to Maslow, the 5 levels of motives from bottom to the top of the hierarchy are :-  Physiological need Safety and security needs Need for love and belongingness Self-esteem needs Self actualization

19. SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF MASLOW’S HIERRACHY OF NEED

20. Oxygen Oxygen is most essential of all needs because all body cells require oxygen for survival. Oxygenation of body cells is carried out primarily by the respiratory and cardiovascular system and any alteration in the structure or function can result in an increased need for oxygen.

21. Water A balance between the intake and elimination of fluids is essential to life. Healthy people drink fluids to satisfy thirst, and maintain fluid balance through various physiologic processes. Either dehydration or edema evidences changes in the water balance of the body.

22. Food Food is a physiologic need, with balance maintained through digestive and metabolic processes. The need for food is manifested through hunger. Insufficient nutrient intake results in electrolyte imbalance and weight loss .

23. Elimination A component of the digestive processes that is also a physiologic need is elimination. Waste products are eliminated from the body through the skin, lungs, kidneys and intestines.

24. Temperature The human body functions best within a narrow range of temperature, usually considered as plus or minus 98.6 F. Homeostatic mechanisms and adaptive responses such as shivering, maintain this temperature.

25. Sexuality Sexuality is an integral component of each individual and may be affected by physical and emotional illnesses . Sexual practices are dependent on a variety of factors, such as person’s age socio-cultural background, self –esteem , and level of health.

26. Physical Activity & Rest Physical activity and rest are also basic physiologic needs. Physical activity can be accomplished with intact and functioning neuromuscular and skeletal systems. Rest and sleep allow time for the body to renovate and be free of stress.

27. 2. SAFETY AND SECURITY NEEDS :- The needs which are included in this level are the need for structure, stability, law and order and freedom from such threatening forces as illness and fear. Safety needs are of greater importance in childhood.

28. Physical safety and security means being protected from potential or actual harm. Emotional safety and security involves trusting others and being free of fear, anxiety .

29. 3. NEED FOR LOVE AND BELONGINGNESS :- The secure individual will be able to reach out for friends, joint with a group, and ultimately take on the responsibilities in marriage of being both a spouse and a parent.

30. All humans have a basic need for love and belonging. After physiologic and safety and security needs, this is the next priority and is often called a higher level need. Love and belonging needs include the understanding and acceptance of others in both giving and receiving love and the feeling of belonging to families, peers, friends, a neighbourhood and a community.

31. 4. SELF- ESTEEM NEEDS :- Once people find themselves loved and loving members of an accepting circle , they then need to think highly of themselves and to have others think highly of them. They want self-respect, respect from others , confidence and admiration of others.

32. Maslow divided these needs into 2 types:- Self respect and respect from others. Self respect includes a person’s desire for competence, confidence, achievement and independence. Respect from others includes his desire for achievements, reputation, status, respect, appreciation, and acceptance from others.

33. Factors affecting self esteem: Many factors affect self-esteem. When a person’s role changes, self-esteem can be seriously altered because the person’s responsibilities and relationships have also changed. Other changes that may affect self-esteem include a change in body image, such as the loss of a breast, an injury, or a growth speedy during puberty.

34. 5. SELF- ACTUALIZATION:- According to Maslow , Self-actualization is the highest human motive . It is the need for self-fulfilment, the sense that one is becoming everything that he is capable of being. The person who has achieved this highest level presses towards the full use of his talents , capacities and potentialities .

35. In short, the self-actualized person is someone who has reached the pick of his potential. The highest level on the hierarchy of needs is self-actualization needs, which include the need for individuals to reach their full potential through development of their unique capabilities . In general, each lower level of need must be met to some degree before this need can be satisfied. The process of self-actualization is one that continues throughout life.

36. Maslow lists the following qualities that indicates achievement of one’s potential:- Acceptance of self and others as they are. Focus of interest on problems outside oneself. Ability to be objective. Feelings of happiness and affection for others. Respect for all people. Ability to discriminate between good and evil.

37. Summary Terminology Introduction Nine Basic Human Needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Characteristics of Basic Needs Schematic Representation Of Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Need Five Basic Needs