Determinants-of-Foreign-Policy-21052025-123736am.pptx

foreign policy

1. Determinants of Foreign Policy

2. What is Foreign Policy? A strategic approach adopted by states to safeguard national interests in the international arena. Guides a country's interactions with other nations and international organizations. Includes diplomacy, trade, defense, alliances, etc.

3. Categories of Determinants Foreign policy is influenced by: Internal Determinants: Geography, economy, leadership, military, etc. External Determinants: International system, alliances, global norms, etc.

4. Internal Determinants (1/2) Geography: Location, borders, and access influence strategic concerns. E.g., Afghanistan's landlocked position. Economic Development: Wealthy states have more options; poor states often rely on aid and donors. Political System & Leadership: Democracies consult public; authoritarian states rely on elites. Leaders' personalities also matter.

5. Internal Determinants (2/2) Military Strength: Strong militaries (esp. nuclear powers) have greater international leverage. E.g., Pakistan's nuclear deterrence. Public Opinion & Media: In democracies, citizen views and media narratives can shape policy. History & National Identity: Collective memory (e.g., colonization or war) shapes how threats and allies are viewed.

6. External Determinants (1/2) International System (Polarity): Global structure affects alignment. E.g., Cold War bipolarity forced alliances. Alliances & International Organizations: Membership in groups like NATO, SCO, or OIC guides decisions. Global Economic Environment: Recessions, inflation, sanctions, or trade wars impact foreign priorities.

7. External Determinants (2/2) International Norms & Laws: Human rights obligations, treaties, and global rules shape or constrain behavior. Diaspora & Transnational Actors: Migrant communities and multinational corporations can influence policies in both host and origin states.