Determinants of health department of public health-171220091650.pptx

It's information about concept of determination of health

1. Determinants of Health By Dr. Hamid Mahmood

2. DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

3. BIO L OGI C AL DETERMINA N T S • The p h y si c al & m e n t al t r aits of e v e r y human being a r e d e t er m ined b y the n a tu r e g en e s a t the m om e n t of c onceptio n . of his

4. • The g en e tic ma k eup is unique in the sense it c annot conce p tion. be al t e r ed a f t er • A number of di s eases a r e now known t o be of g en e tic or i gin, E . g., Ch r o m os o mal anomal i es, er r o r s of m e t aboli s m, m e n t al r e t a r d a ti o n.

5. • A positi v e health ad v o c a t ed b y WHO impli e s th a t a pe r son s hould be able t o e xp r e s s as c omple t ely as pos s ible the p o t e n tialities g e n e tic h e ri t a g e. of his

6. BEH A VIOURAL & SOCIO CU L TURAL C ONDIT I ONS • Li f e s tyle deno t es “ the w a y th a t people li v e ” , r e fle c ting a whole r an g e of social v alues, a t titudes & activities.

7. • It is c omposed of cultu r al & beh a viou r al p a tt erns & l i f e long pe r sonal habits (Al c oho l ism, s mok i ng)th a t h a v e d e v eloped th r ough the p r oc e ss of sociali z a tion.

8. BEH A VIOUR & LIFE S TYLE

9. • Li f e s tyles a r e lear n t th r ough social i n t e r action with p a r e n ts & peer g r ou p s, frie n ds, sibli n gs & t h r ough school & mass m e d ia. • Ma n y cur r e n t h e alth p r obl e ms such as c o r onary heart dis e ase, obe s it y , lung c ance r , drug addiction a r e associ a t ed with l i f e s tyle.

10. LIFE S TYLE ISSU E S

11. ENVI R ONMENT It w as Hi p poc r a t es who fi rs t r el a t ed dis e ase t o e n vi r onm e n t, cli m a t e, w a t e r , & a i r . • • L a t er P e tt en k of f er in Germa n y r e vi v ed the c oncept of di s ease – e n vi r onm e n t associ a tion.

12. THE ENVI R ONMENT

13. • E n vi r onm e n t is classifi e d as “i n t ernal” & “ e x t ernal ” . • I n t er n al e n vi r onm e n t of a m an p e r t ains t o e ach & e v e r y c ompo n e n t part, e v e r y tissue o r g an & o r g an s y s t em & their harmonious functioni n g within the s y s t e m .

14. • Ex t ernal or m ac r o e n vi r onm e n t c onsi s ts of those things t o which man is e xposed a f t er c onc e pt i o n . • It is d e fined as “ all th a t which is e x t ernal t o the indi v idual human ho s t ” .

15. • It c a n be divid e d i n t o p h y si c al, biologi c al & p s y chosocial c ompon e n ts , a n y or all of which a f f e c t c an a f f e c t the health of man & his susc e pt i bil i ty t o illness.

16. • Some epid e miologi s ts use the t erm “ mic r o e n vi r onme n t ” or dom e s tic e n vi r onme n t or pe r sonal e n vi r onme n t which r e fle c ts a pe r son ’ s w a y of living & li f e s tyle. E . g., e a ting habit s , pe r sonal habits.

17. • The other e n vi r onme n t includes oc c up a tional e n vi r onm e n t, socio ec o nomic e n vi r onme n t , mo r al e n vi r onme n t.

18. • • SOCIO E C ONOM I C C ONDI T IONS The h e alth of a p e r son is primarily de p en d e n t upon the le v el of e c onom i c de v elo p m e n t. socio • E . g., P er Capi t a in c om e , GN P , e d u c a tion, nutrition, e m pl o ym e n t, hou s ing & politi c al s y s t em of the c ou n tr y .

19. • E C ONOMIC S T A TUS: The per c a p i t a GNP i s the m o s t wi d ely ac c ep t ed m eas u r e o f g ene r al e c ono m ic per f or m an c e. • The e c on o m i c p r og r ess of m a n y c ou n tries has been a major f ac t or in r educ i ng the m o r b i d it y , m o r t al i t y , i n c r ease in li f e e xpec t a n cy & i m p r oving of the q u al i ty of li f e, f am i ly si z e, & the p a tt ern of di s ease & devia n t beh a viour in the c om m un i t y .

20. EDUC A TION • E duc a tion is t h e se c ond major i n fluenci n g f ac t or in a f f ecti n g the heal t h of t h e po p ul a tion.

21. • The w orld map of illi t e r acy c l osely coinci d es w i th the m a p s of p o v e r t y , malnut r ition, ill health, high i n f a n t & ch i ld mor t ality r a t es. • Studi e s i n di c a t e th a t educ a tion t o some e x t e n t compen s a t es the e f f e c ts of p o v erty on health, i r r espe c ti v e of the av ailabi l ity of health f ac i liti e s.

22. OCCU P A TION • Un e mpl o ym e n t u s ually sho w s a hig h er incid e nce d e a th. of ill h ealth & • F or ma n y , lo s s of w ork m a y m ean loss of in c ome & s ta tus.

23. • It c a n c a use p s y chological social dama g e. & • The v e r y s t a t e of being e m pl o y ed in p r oducti v e w ork p r omo t es health.

24. POLITICAL S Y S TEM • Health is closely r el a t ed t o the politi c al s y s t em of a c ou n t r y . • Of t en the main o b s t acl e s t o the impl e me n t a tion of health t e c hnologi e s a r e not t e c hni c al r a ther politi c al.

25. • D e cisions c onc e rning r e s ou r ce allo c a tion, man po w er polic y , choice of t ech n ology & the de g r ee t o which h e alth s e r vic e s a r e made a v ailable & a cce s sible t o d if f e r e n t s e gm e n ts of the society a r e e x amples of the mann e r in w h ich the pol i ti c al s y s t em c an shape c omm u nity h e alth se r vic e s.

26. H E A L TH SE R VIC E S • Health se r vic e s a r e se e n as e ss e n tial f or social & e c onomic d e v elopm e n t. Th e r e is a s t r ong c or r el a tion be t w e e n GNP & Expec t a tion of li f e a t birth & the o v e r all h e alth s ta tus of the gi v en po p ul a tion.

27. The N a tional p r e v e n ti v e p r og r ammes such as Immuni z a tion p r og r amme, AIDS Co n t r ol p r og r amme, Malaria E r adi c a tion P r o g , Fila r ia Co n t r ol P r o g , ICDS, The Mid d a y Meal p r og r amm e , F amily W el f a r e p r og r ammes & Other non communi c able disease p r og r ammes aim a t p r e v e n tion, p r om o tion & mai n t enance of the he a lth s t a tus of the popul a tion.

28. A GING OF THE PO P UL A TION • B y the y ear 2020 the w orld h a v e mo r e than one billion people a g ed 60 & o v e r . w i ll • Mo r e than t w o thi r ds o f them living in the d e v eloping c ou n tries.

29. • A ma j or c onc e rn of r apid popul a tion aging is the inc r eased p r e v alen c e of ch r onic disease & disabilities. • The r e f o r e aging p r ocess needs a spe c ial a tt e n tion

30. GENDER • The 19 9 0 h a v e witn e ss e d a inc r ease c onc e n t r a tion on w om e n ’ s iss u e s . In 1993 The Global Commis s ion on w om e n ’ s Health w as e s t ablish e d.

31. • The Com m is s ion d r ew up an a g enda f or act i on on w omen ’ s h ealth c o v e r ing nutrit i on, r ep r oducti v e health, the health consequ e nc e s of v i olen c e, li f e s tyle r el a t ed condit i ons & oc c up a tional e n vi r onme n t. agin g , • Inclu s ion of w omen ’ s health major b r eakth r ough in the de v elopm e nt al plan s . is s ues i s a

32. O THER F A C T O R S • The r e v olution in i n f orm a tion & Com m unic a tion T e c hnology of f e r s t r emendous oppo r tuniti e s in p r o vidi n g an ea s y & in st a n t ac c ess t o medi c al i n f orm a tion once dif f i c ult t o r e tr i e v e .

33. • It c o n tribu t es t o the dissemin a t i on of i n f orm a tion w orld wide, se r ving t he needs ma n y p h y sicians, health p r o f essionals, bio m e di c al scie n ti s ts & r esea r ch e r s, the mass m e dia & the public. of

34. • H e alth is not the s o le c o n tribu t or t o the health & w ellbeing of popul a tio n , the po t e n tial of i n t er sec t o r al c o n tr i butions t o the health of c om m unities is inc r easingly r ecogni z e d .

35. THANK Y OU

36. What is the effect of gender on health ?   What is the effect of aging of population on health ?   What are the different determinants of health ?   What is external environment ?   What is internal environment?