DEVELOPMENT OF A BIO DEGRADABLE WASTE.pptx

Biodegradable waste is a type of waste, typically originating from plant or animal sources, which may be degraded by other living organisms. Wastes that cannot be broken by other living organisms are called non-biodegradable.

1. ABSTRACT In the present state of affairs, the yearn for the composite sandwich structures in the construction sectors are emerging at a huge rate since composite sandwich wall panels are mainly preferred for light weight structures. This concept is appurtenant due to its extremely high strength to weight ratios. In spite of this, lack of structural freedom and high environmental and economic issues have retarded its wide range of application over these industries. Lately it has been proposed that improvement in specific mechanical behavior, economic and environment benefits could be achieved within realm of possibility using natural based composite structures comparing to prior sandwich structures.

2. ABSTRACT Therefore in our research work, flax is used as reinforcement and agglomerated cork as core material which has been proposed as a natural based composite sandwich. An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of sandwich panels with agglomerated cork on three different densities as a core material and the facing made of (i) Glass, (ii) flax, (iii) hybrid and followed by separate campaign over face sheets on mechanical and environmental aspects. The objective of this investigation is to determine the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of sandwich structures using flat wise compression ASTM C 297 and edgewise compression ASTM C 364 and to compare their respective performance. The composite specimens were fabricated using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process and tested in accordance with ASTM standards. Finally the study on the environmental aspects of a cork cored composite sandwich has been conducted using biodegradable test (soil burial test).The result elucidates that the specific strength of flax reinforced composite sandwich is higher than that of glass and hybrid reinforced composite sandwich, with a comparatively lesser load carrying capacity over other sandwich structures. It is also observed that the increase in cork density increases the mechanical properties of the composite sandwich. The result of biodegradation test indicates that the biodegradability rate of a natural based composite sandwich is higher compared to the other sandwich structures.

3. Selection of Reinforcement

4. FABRICATION OF COMPOSITE AND SANDWICH STRUCTURES USING VARTM PROCESS Fabricated sandwich panels Cork density (kg/m 3 ) Dimensions (mm) Thickness of the sandwich Layer sequence Notations       (mm)       Glass/Cork/Epoxy   240   650*900   13.4   4G/C240/4G   GEC 240 Glass/cork/Epoxy 280 650*900 14.4 4G/C280/4G GEC 280 Glass/cork/Epoxy 400 650*900 13.4 4G/C400/4G GEC 400 Flax/Cork/Epoxy 240 650*900 14.1 2F/C240/2F FEC 240 Flax/Cork/Epoxy 280 650*900 13.7 2F/C280/2F FEC 280 Flax/Cork/Epoxy 400 650*900 13.8 2F/C400/2F FEC 400 Hybrid/Cork/Epoxy 240 650*900 14.5 2G/2F/C240/2 GFEC 240         F/2G   Hybrid/Cork/Epoxy 280 650*900 14.2 2G/2F/C280/2 GFEC 280         F/2G   Hybrid/Cork/Epoxy 400 650*900 14.8 2G/2F/C280/2 GFEC 400         F/2G  

5. Flatwise Compressive Test

6. DENSITY OF COMPOSITE AND SANDWICHES:   It is observed that the density of a GE is high compared to GFE and FE due to its high interface between the fibers and moreover the constitutions in the GE is higher in densities (density of glass fiber is high) and another possible reason is that the density of flax fiber is influenced by the extension of central hollows area (lumen) in the flax fiber. since the presence of lumen content significantly decreases the overall density of the flax fiber. Table 8.2 shows the density of a sandwich structure with agglomerated cork as in different proportions. Fig.8.2describes the density of a sandwich structure

7. BIODEGRADABILITY OF COMPOSITES Biodegradation was examined by measuring the weight loss after soil burial test. At the initial stage of this test, composite specimens absorb some amount of water. The water absorption of the composite samples is very quick during the initial 5 days. Then the absorption rate decreases and become steady after 20 days. This is because water molecules penetrate easily through the pores of the composite samples during initial few days, but once the composite becomes saturated, the water absorption slows down. Water absorption is generally considered to be a disadvantage in composites although it is a positive sign for the biodegradation. It can be seen that the percentage of weight loss increases with increasing burial period for all the samples. During soil degradation tests, fibers were attacked by microorganisms and macro-organisms. Water penetrates from the edges of the composites in the samples and degradation of fibre occurs. Biodegradation were primarily induced by the action of various microorganisms present in the soil.

8. In the above project we had find that bio degradability of Wall Panels using composite made by Natural fibre materials and the results shows that the wall panels are environmental friendly by the above bio degradability tests.

9. REFERENCES Davies G.A.O, Hitchings D, Besant T, Clarke A, and C. Morgan, “ Compression after impact strength of composite sandwich panels ”,2005, CompositeStructures . Vol. 63: pp. 1–9. Nguyen M.Q, Jacombs S.S, Thomso R.S, Hachenberg D, and M.L. Scott, “ Simulation of impact on sandwich structures ”. 2005, Composite Structures , Vol. 67:pp.217-227. Genc Garip , El Hafidi Ali, and Gning Papa Birame , “ Comparison of the mechanical properties of flax and glass fiber composite materials ”, 2012, Journal of Vibro engineering, Vol. 14:pp.572- 579. Mohamed. A. torabizadeh ,“ Tensile, compressive and shear properties of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites subjected to mechanical loading and low temperature services ”, 2013, Journal of Emergency Medical Services, Vol.20: pp. 299-309 Preeti Lodha , Anil N Netravali, “ Characterization of interfacial and mechanical properties of “green” composites with soy protein isolate and ramie fiber ”, 2002, Journal of materials science, Vol. 37(17), pp.3657-3665. Georgios Koronis , Arlindo Silva, Mihail Fontul , “ Green composites: A review of adequate materials for automotive applications ”, 2013, Composites: Part B, Vol.44, pp.120-127.