Development of nursing as a profession

new trends in nursing

1. Development of nursing as a profession   By / Mahmoud Shaqria محمود محمد شقريه

2. Outlines Introduction Definition of (position – job – occupation – profession ) Nursing history Professional development of nursing Function of nursing 6. Task of nursing Place of work 8. area of specialities . References

3. Objectives By the end of this lecture students will :- 1- define (position , job , occupation and profession ) 2- discuss history of the nursing 3- discuss professional development 4- enumerate function , tasks , work places , and area of specialties categories in nursing 5- discuss criteria of profession 6- discuss characteristics of profession

4. Introduction: Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice.

5. History of nursing :- 19th century Florence Nightingale laid the foundations of professional nursing after the Crimean War.Her Notes on Nursing (1859) became popular. The Nightingale model of professional education, having set up the first school of nursing that is connected to a continuously operating hospital and medical school, spread widely in Europe and North America after 1870.Nightingale was also a pioneer of the graphical presentation of statistical data.

6. 20th century History of nursing ( cont ) :- Hospital-based training came to the fore in the early 1900s, with an emphasis on practical experience. The Nightingale-style school began to disappear. Hospitals and physicians saw women in nursing as a source of free or inexpensive labor. Exploitation of nurses was not uncommon by employers, physicians and educational providers.

7. Definitions :- 1- position :- a group of task assigned to one individual . 2- job :- a group of positions that are similar in nature and level of skill that can be carried out by one or more individuals 3-occupation :- a group of job that are similar in type of work and that are usually found throughout an industry or work environment . 4- profession :- a type of occupation that meets certain criteria that raise it to a level above that of an occupation .

8. Profession - is defined as "a vocation requiring advanced training and usually involving mental rather than manual work, as teaching, engineering, especially medicine, law“ -Webster1989.   - Professions are those occupations possessing a particular combination of characteristics generally considered to be the expertise, autonomy, commitment, and responsibility. A profession is an occupation based on specialized intellectual study and training, the purpose of which is to supply skilled services with ethical components and others.

9. Professional Development for Nurses :- Professional development is critical to the nursing profession because it emphasizes the importance of the following: 1- Continuing education. 2- Assessing learning needs. 3- Upholding competency.

10. Function of nursing :- 1- caregiver 2- communicator 3- teacher 4- client educator 5- counselor 6- change agent 7- leader 8- manager 9- case manager

11. Task of nursing :- 1- to promote health 2- to prevent disease 3- to help ill person to healing

12. Where Do NPD Specialists Work? Generally, most healthcare organizations employ NPD specialists to guide nurses in their professional nursing role. NPD specialists work in the following facilities: 1- Hospitals. 2-Long-term care facilities. 3- Public health centers. 4-Colleges and universities. 5-Outpatient clinics.

13. Specialties :- Nursing is the most diverse of all healthcare professions. Nurses practice in a wide range of settings but generally nursing is divided depending on the needs of the person being nursed . The major populations are : 1- communities/public 2- family/individual across the lifespan 3- adult-gerontology 4- pediatrics 5- neonatal 6- women's health/gender-related 7- mental health There are also specialist areas such as cardiac nursing, orthopedic nursing, palliative care, perioperative nursing, obstetrical nursing, oncology nursing, nursing informatics, telenursing and emergency nursing.

14. 1- to provide a needed services to the society . 2- to advance knowledge in it field . 3- to protect its members and make it possible to practice effectively . Criteria of profession :-

15. Characteristics of profession :-

16. Professionalism “Conduct, aims or qualities that characterize or mark a profession or a professional person” (Merriam-Webster, 2009) “Qualities or typical features of a profession or professional. A collection of attitudes and actions; it suggests knowledge and technical skill.”

17. Principles of Professionalism Altruistic concern for patient welfare. - Individuals bound together by commitment. - Specialized body of knowledge. - Self-regulation, accountability, integrity, honesty. - Social contract with society, service to the public. - Ethics, ethical behavior, patient autonomy, dignity. - Social justice. -  

18. Barriers to Professionalism • Variability in educational preparation. • Gender issues. • Historical influences. • External conflicts. • Internal conflicts.

19. Steps of Professional Development Recognition of a problem by community. - -Untrained personnel deal with problem, using skills and procedures to handle the problem. Theoretical body of knowledge basic to procedures is developed. - Members continue to work together. - -Professional interests or common interests are formed and developed. People pay for service. - Codes and standards are developed. - These codes concerned with formed rules and formal practice. - Methods of enforcing standards are established. -

20. References 1 -Retrieved from Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. (2010, October). The Future of Nursing: Focus on Education. http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/ media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing/Nursing%20Education%202010%20Brief.pdf Retrieved from About ANPD. ( n.d. ). http://www.anpd.org/?page=about Retrieved from Boosting Participation in Professional Development Activities. (2015, July 16). http://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/2015/07/boosting-participation-in-professional-development-activities/ Retrieved from Role of Nursing Professional Development in Helping Meet Institute of Medicine’s Future of Nursing Recommendations. (2013, July 17). http://www.researchgate.net/file.PostFileLoader.html?id=5575a24f60614b91b68b45d1&assetKey=AS%3A273792079728670%401442288526798 Swihart , D., Ph.D , DMin , MSN, CS, RN-BC. (2009, July 8). Nursing Professional Development: Roles and Accountabilities. http:// www.medscape.com/viewarticle/705515