developmental task and hazards.pptx

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1. Developmental tasks and Developmental hazards

2. Developmental task

3. Concept of developmental tasks 🠶 T h e t a s k w h i c h h e l p t h e i n d i v i d u a l f o r t h e s u cc e ss f u l a d j u s t m e n t i n t h e s o c i e t y a r e k n o w n a s d e v e l o p m e n t a l t a s k 🠶 Havighurst has given shape to a specific task model of development 🠶 According to him, Developmental task is a task which arises at a certain period in the life of the individual, successful achievement of which leads to his happiness and success in the later tasks, while failure leads to unhappiness in the individual disapproval by the society and difficulty with later

4. Developmental task and educational planning 🠶 Individual who fails in the developmental tasks will be unhappy 🠶 The causes of the failure are lack of learning, opportunity and motivation 🠶 Hence teacher should be careful in providing learning opportunities and motivation to their pupils in order to enable them to succeed in d e v e l o p m e n t a l t a s ks

5. Developmental task for different stages 🠶 Havighurst has given a list of tasks at various stages of development 🠶 I t i n c l u d e s : 1 . p r e - s c h oo l s t a g e 2 . p r i m a r y s c h oo l s t a g e 3 . s e c o n d a r y s c h oo l s t a g e

6. Developmental task for pre – school stage 🠶 L e a r n i n g t o w a l k 🠶 L e a r n i n g t o t a l k a n d r e s p o n d 🠶 L e a r n i n g t o e a t s o l i d f oo d a n d d r i n k w a t e r 🠶 Differentiate between good task and bad task 🠶 L e a r n i n g t o c o n t r o l e l i m i n a t i o n o f b o d y w a s t e 🠶 Learning to establish emotional relationship with parents, siblings and other people

7. Developmental task for primary school stage 🠶 Developing concepts necessary for every day living 🠶 D e v e l o p i n g m o r a l i t y a n d v a l u e s 🠶 A c h i e v i n g t h e s e n s e s o f p e r s o n a l i n d e p e n d e n c e 🠶 Developing values and beliefs related to life 🠶 Developing attitudes towards social group and institutions

8. Developmental tasks for secondary school stage 🠶 S e l e c t i n g a n d p r e p a r i n g f o r a n o cc u p a t i o n 🠶 P r e p a r i n g f o r m a rr i a g e a n d f a m i l y l i f e 🠶 Achieving emotional independence from parents and other adults 🠶 Achieving assurance of economic independence

9. Developmental hazards 🠶 A hazard is usually described as a potentially harmful situation 🠶 A d e v e l o p m e n t a l h a z a r d i s a h a z a r d t h a t a l t e r s t h e s t r u c t u r e o r f u n c t i o n o f a developing embryo, or foetus apparent either before or after birth 🠶 The impact of hazards of drugs, alcohol, tobacco, disease and environmental pollutants during pregnancy and impacts of the social, economic, environmental categories on the individual before and after his birth have been studied systamatically 🠶 The environment inside the utreus, where the unborn child is developing, is called prenatal environment 🠶 I n s i d e t h e u t r e u s , t h e d e v e l o p i n g e m b r y o a n d f o e t u s a r e p r o t e c t e d . T h e placenta is a temporary organ that joins the mother and foetus

10. 🠶 It transfer oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the foetus and allow waste products to be eliminated from the foetus. It act as a filter. 🠶 But sometimes potentially harmful substance cross placenta and transferred to the developing child from mother. 🠶 There are many potential hazards to the prenatal department of an unborn child. 🠶 Potential hazards are related to drug, alcohol or tobacco use eg:alcohol c a n q u i c k l y c r o s s t h e p l a c e n t a a n d e n t e r t h e b l oo d s t r e a m o f u n b o r n c h i l d in the same level that is in the mothers blood 🠶 Foetal alcohol syndrome(FAS) : when who drink alcohol during pregnancy put their at the risk of FAS, this is a set of birth defects and disabilities related t o a l c o h o l c o n s u m p t i o n d u r i n g p r e g n a n c y

11. 🠶 Tobacco use during pregnancy can cause low birth weight and has been linked to higher rates of respiratory problem in children and the use of illegal drugs can cause a variety of concerns for the health of an unborn child, due to this prenatal development can be slowed, birth defects or death of an unborn a nd t h r e i s a h i g her r i s k of p r e m a t u r e b i r t h. 🠶 It may be seen obvious that illegal drug use could be harmful to an unborn child, but store bought or prescription medications can be hazard as well. The use of any medication that is known teratogen should be avoided during pregnancy 🠶 A teratogen is a substance known to potentially causes a birth defects or cause a pregnancy to end. In 1960s , the common use of prescription drug thalidomide during pregnancy, because of this large number of infants born with birth defects were born to women who were given this medication during pregnancy. Because of this we know that medications can have harmful e f f e c t s on t he p r en a t a l en v i r o n m en t .

12. 🠶 Individual risk factors that may cause developmental hazards of children in under developed countries I l l h e a l t h Malnutrition P h y s i c a l o r m e n t a l d i s a b i l i t i e s 🠶 Family risk factors that may cause developmental hazards of children in under developed countries P a r e n t a l e d u c a t i o , i n a d e q u a t e p a r e n t i n g s k i l l s P h y s i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t o f t h e h o m e

13. 🠶 C o m m u n i t y r i s k f a c t o r s t h a t m a y c a u s e d e v e l o p m e n t a l h a z a r d s o f c h i l d r e n in under developed countries. L o c a t i o n : r u r a l / u r b a n , r e m o t e n e s s o r s l u m s Geographic factor:risk of flooding, risk of drought Infrastructure in the community :roads, schools, water and sewage.

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