Dholavira -ancient Indus Valley Civilization

Dholavira is an ancient Indus Valley Civilization site located on Khadir Bet Island in the Great Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. It's a significant archaeological site that showcases advanced urban planning, water management systems, and architectural expertise of the Harappan civilization.

*Key Features:*

- *Advanced Water Conservation System*: Dholavira features an impressive water management system, including 16 massive reservoirs, stepwells, and underground water storage, earning it the title of "Jal Durga" or "Water Fort".
- *Unique Architecture*: The city is divided into three sections - Citadel, Middle Town, and Lower Town - with a sophisticated drainage system and extensive use of stone in construction.
- *Multi-Purpose Grounds*: The site includes a festive ground and a marketplace, indicating a well-planned urban setup.
- *Funerary Architecture*: Dholavira features unique hemispherical structures, unlike the rectangular burial sites found in Harappa.
- *Trade and Commerce*: The site shows evidence of trade connections with the Magan (Oman Peninsula) and Mesopotamian regions.

*History:*

- *Discovery*: Dholavira was discovered in 1967 by archaeologist Jagat Pati Joshi and excavated by Dr. Ravindra Singh Bisht from 1990 to 2005.
- *UNESCO World Heritage Site*: Dholavira was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021, recognizing its outstanding universal value.

*Visiting Information:*

- *Best Time to Visit*: October to March is the best time to visit Dholavira.
- *Location*: Dholavira is located in the Kutch district of Gujarat, approximately 165 km from Radhanpur.
- *How to Reach*: The nearest airport is Bhuj Airport (BHU), and the nearest railway station is Bhachau. You can hire a taxi or take a bus from Bhuj to reach Dholavira ¹ ².

1. Dholavira: a HarappanCity
Dr.NGuria
AsttProf Geography
Chaitanya College, PamgarhChhattisgarh

2. भारतमेंलगभग3000ईसापूर्वस्थापपतएकमहत्वपूर्वहड़प्पापुरातात्वत्वकस्थल,धोलार्ीरा,मज़बूतपकलोोंऔरनर्ीन
जलप्रबोंधनप्रर्ापलयोों,पजनमें16जलाशयऔरएककु शलजलपनकासीनेटर्कवशापमलहैं,केसाथउन्नतशहरी
पनयोजनकाप्रदशवनकरताहै।2021मेंयूनेस्कोपर्श्वधरोहरस्थलकेरूपमेंमान्यताप्राप्त,यहशहरअधव-शुष्क
जलर्ायुऔरजलसोंकटकेबार्जूदजलसोंचयनऔरभोंडारर्मेंअपनेपनर्ापसयोोंकीइोंजीपनयररोंगदक्षताका
उदाहरर्प्रस्तुतकरताहै।शहरकालेआउटऔरपकलेबोंदीएकमज़बूतप्रभुत्वऔरजपटलसामापजकस्तरीकरर्का
सोंके तदेतेहैं,जोहड़प्पासभ्यताकीशहरीताऔरपररष्कारकोदशावतेहैं।
Dholavira: a HarappanCity

8. धोलार्ीराअपनेपर्शालदुगोंऔरजल-प्रबोंधनकेपलएजानाजाता
है।दुगोंकापर्शालआकारधोलार्ीराकीनगरीयताकेबारेमेंक्या
बताताहै?

12. Dholavirais not just an archaeological marvel but a living history lesson. It is like going on a journey through
time, where every stone has a story to tell and the secrets of an age gone by. It is a treasure trove for
historians, archaeologists, and anyone interested in the richness of human history. Below are some of the
things why history seekers just love Dholavira:

19. पाठमेंशहरकीपकलेबोंदीदीर्ारोोंकेपडजाइन, पनमावर्सामग्रीऔर
पर्शेषताओोंकार्र्वनपकयागयाहै।
•धोलार्ीराकोएकमजबूत, समाोंतरचतुभुवजआकारकेपकलेबोंदीके
साथपडजाइनपकयागयाथा।
•हड़प्पार्ासीपनमावर्केपलएस्थानीयरूपसेउपलब्धसामग्रीजैसे
पमट्टीकीईोंटेंतथातैयारऔरतैयारनपकएगएपत्थरोोंकाउपयोग
करतेथे।
•दीर्ारोोंकापनमावर्"इोंत्विशबाोंड" पनमावर्शैलीकाउपयोगकरके
पकयागयाथा।
•पकलेबोंदीकीऔसतमोटाई3.5 से4 मीटरऔरऊों चाई7 से8 मीटर
थी, तथादीर्ारेंऊपरकीओरपतलीहोतीजातीथीों।

21. प्राचीनपकलेकीदीर्ारोोंकेपनमावर्औरसोंरक्षर्कार्र्वनहै, जो
सोंभर्तःपकसीपुरातात्वत्वकस्थलसेप्राप्तहुईहैं।इसमेंदीर्ारोोंके
बाहरीऔरभीतरीभागकेपलएप्रयुक्तसामग्रीऔरतकनीकोोंके
साथ-साथमरम्मतकायवकेसाक्ष्यकापर्र्रर्पदयागयाहै।पचत्रमें
धोलार्ीराके"उत्तरीद्वारकाप्रर्ेशद्वारऔरगढ़कीओरजाने
र्ालीसीपढ़यााँ" पदखाईगईहैं।
•दीर्ारोोंकेबाहरीभागकोमलबेऔरहथौड़ेसेतैयारपकएगए
पत्थरोोंसेढकागयाथा।
•भीतरीसतहकोमहीनपमट्टीसेप्लास्टरपकयागयाथा।
•द्वारोोंकेभीतरीभागपरभीपत्थरकीदीर्ारेंबनाईगईथीों।
•पकलेकीदीर्ारोोंपरमरम्मतऔरसोंरक्षर्कायवकेसाक्ष्यपमलेहैं।