Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a long-term illness caused by the high amount of glucose levels in the blood, this presentation explains its types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention briefly.

1. Prepared by : Radwan Rushdi Mohammed Diabetes Mellitus

2. Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is a long term illness which caused by the high amount of glucose levels in the blood We have two main types of diabetes Type 1 Type 1 is very common in young ages and the risk factors is either by genetic or the environment Type 2 Type 2 is very common in old ages and the risk factors for Type 2 are obese, inactivity, etc Treatment for type 1 Is just by injection Treatment for type 2 Are group of drugs like biguanides and other inhibitor groups

3. Immune cells destroy beta cells in pancreas Pancreas cannot produce insulin More glucose in the blood Insulin moves glucose to cells Glucose Pancreas produces insulin

4. Irritability Weight loss Frequent urination Blurred vision Increasing thirst fatigue Extreme hunger

5. HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AGE PANCREAS DIABETES OBESITY GENETIC PREDIPOSIYION SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE STRESS UNHEALTHY FOOD MEDICINE

6. Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

7. This type effects females during pregnancy .some women have very high levels of glucose in their blood , and their bodies are unable to produce enough insulin to transport all of the glucose into their cells , resulting in the progressively rising levels of glucose . Gestational diabetes mellitus (GMD) Risk factors for GDM are: 1- Women who are overweight or obese . 2- Gaining too much weight during pregnancy. 3- Having a family history of diabetes .

8. A 1 C The A1C test is a blood test that provides information about your average levels of blood glucose, over the past 3 months. The A1C test can be used to diagnose type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. FPG The fasting plasma glucose test (FPG) is the preferred method of screening for diabetes. The FPG measures a person's blood sugar level after fasting or not eating anything for at least 8 hours. Diagnosis and tests

9. OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, measures your body's response to sugar (glucose). The glucose tolerance test can be used to screen for type 2 diabetes. More commonly, a modified version of the glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose gestational diabetes, a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy A random glucose test is one method for measuring the levels of glucose in the blood at any given point in the day. It is useful to because glucose levels in healthy people do not vary widely throughout the day Randoming test isn’t used to diagnose diabetes Random blood sugar (RBS)

10. Prevention of Diabetes QUIT ALCHOHOL WEIGHT LOSS SPLIT MEALS EAT HIGH FIBER FIET AVOID SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE DRINK LOTS OF WATER DO NOT EAT JUNK FOOD QUIT SMOKING HEALTHY DIET EXECISE

11. Treatment for type 1 diabetes includes: 1- Taking insulin 2- Carbohydrate, fat and protein counting 3- Frequent blood sugar monitoring 4- Eating healthy foods 5- Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight Treatment for Diabetes Management of type 2 diabetes includes: 1- Healthy eating 2- Regular exercise 3- Weight loss 4- Possibly, diabetes medication or insulin therapy 5- Blood sugar monitoring