Diagnosis , staging , clinical features and management of CKD

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a gradual loss of kidney function over time, often presenting with few initial symptoms. Common signs include fatigue, swelling (edema), changes in urination, shortness of breath, and high blood pressure. As the disease progresses, waste products build up in the blood...

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a gradual loss of kidney function over time, often presenting with few initial symptoms. Common signs include fatigue, swelling (edema), changes in urination, shortness of breath, and high blood pressure. As the disease progresses, waste products build up in the blood, leading to increased nausea, appetite loss, muscle cramps, and itchy skin. Diagnosis is made through blood and urine tests, along with imaging studies. Management involves controlling underlying conditions like diabetes and hypertension, dietary changes, medications, and, in advanced stages, dialysis or kidney transplantation.