Diagnosis tests of Helicobacter pylori – PPT & pdf file

In this PowerPoint presentation, we discuss different diagnosis tests for Helicobacter pylori. We will talk about various medical tests (such as Urease testing and histological analysis) that differentiate H. pylori from other common diseases. We try to clarify some common questions in the H. pylori world, such as:

What are the common diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori infection?
What are the morphological characteristics and highlights of Helicobacter pylori?
How is H. pylori transmitted?
What are the epidemiological statistics for Helicobacter pylori infection?
Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that thrives in the stomach’s unique environment, is a well-known cause of gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and B-cell gastric lymphoma. Due to its niche within the stomach, diagnosing H. pylori infection is challenging, and several methods are available, each with its own set of pros and cons.

Endoscopy is often the first step, allowing for the collection of gastric mucosa biopsies. Histological analysis of these biopsies is highly accurate but can be observer-dependent and is time-consuming. The Rapid Urease Test is a quicker alternative but may miss low bacterial densities. Culturing H. pylori is specific yet not very sensitive and requires specialized growth conditions.

Non-invasive methods are also used, such as the Urea Breath Test (UBT), which detects bacterial colonization through carbon isotopes and is highly accurate. Fecal Antigens tests are simple and reliable, assessing the overall stomach content. Molecular Testing, like PCR, is precise but expensive and requires skill to avoid false positives. Serology can detect past exposure to H. pylori but cannot confirm an active infection.

Urease testing and histological analysis are the most reliable diagnostic methods, but there’s a growing need for more noninvasive methods to track H. pylori eradication after treatment. The document underscores the complexity of optimizing H. pylori diagnosis and the importance of developing accurate tests that can also inform on antibiotic susceptibility.

The document concludes by referencing various studies and reviews that provide a detailed look at the current understanding of H. pylori diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiology.
Reference:
https://sciencecodons.com/2897-helicobacter-pylori-diagnosis-tests/

1. Diagnosis tests of Helicobacter pylori infection

2. Microbiological Morphology & Highlights Motility Urease Adherence 0.5 μm

3. Transmission

4. Epidemiology 79/5% 81% 70/1% 35/6% 54%

5. Diseases H. pylori -Associated Diseases Gastritis Peptic Ulcer Disease Gastric Cancer B-Cell Gastric Lymphoma

6. Methods Invasive Non-invasive Diagnostic Endoscopy Histology Culture Rapid Urease Urea Breath Fecal Antigens Serology Molecular Testing Diagnostic

7. Endoscopy Time-consuming process Requires skill and experience Obtaining biopsies from the gastric mucosa

8. Histology Dependent on the number and location of the collected biopsy materials The several biggest weaknesses of this test are: The observer dependency Relative to long time to get results The need for specialized skills for relatively high performance High cost 95% sensitivity 98% specificity

9. Rapid Urease Test 5 Simple Steps Upper endoscopy pH change Requires high density of bacteria False negative results

10. Culture The typical appearance of H. Pylori colonies on Colombia blood agar plate Small (0.5-2 mm in diameter) Translucent Water droplet-like   Upper endoscopy High specificity but low sensitivity Culture condition

11. Urea Breath Test Carbon isotope non-radioactive (13C) or radioactive (14C) The intensity of the 13C signal in breath indicates the density of the microorganism colonization Test and treat strategy High sensitivity (95%) and specificity (95% to 100%) False negative and positive results

12. Fecal Antigens Using either polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibodies Simple to perform High diagnostic accuracy It assess the overall content of the stomach The best methods for detection of active H. Pylori infection: UBT & stool antigen test

13. Molecular Testing PCR : An accurate primer design and a proper gene selection are critical for a successful PCR reaction More accurate in patients with bleeding Identify H. Pylori in environmental samples for epidemiological researches H. Pylori genes can be used to amplify: Vaca , caga , urea , glmm , HSP60 , 16srrna , 23srrna , urec The major disadvantages of PCR: Expensive Requires a lot of skill and experience False-positive results can be found in PCR

14. Serology Detection of serum IgG against H. pylori Based on ELISA No distinguish between an active or past infection

15. Conclusion Urease & Histological Analysis Gold standard methods No doubt that diagnosis of H. Pylori infection due to its strange microniche is difficult and hard to optimize, especially for routine diagnostic The problem is to optimize and design an accurate test to produce information on presence of the infection and antibiotic susceptibility profile Testing for eradication is essential to ensure adequate treatment of the infection We need more noninvasive methods to be used for following the eradication of H. pylori in different targets

16. References Garza-González E, Perez-Perez GI, Maldonado-Garza HJ, Bosques-Padilla FJ. A review of Helicobacter pylori diagnosis, treatment, and methods to detect eradication. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG. 2014 Feb 14;20(6):1438. Sabbagh P, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Javanian M, Babazadeh A, Koppolu V, Vasigala VR, Nouri HR, Ebrahimpour S. Diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori infection: ideals, options, and limitations. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 2019 Jan;38(1):55-66. Dore MP, Pes GM. What Is New in Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis. An Overview. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021 Jan;10(10):2091. Guevara B, Cogdill AG. Helicobacter pylori: a review of current diagnostic and management strategies. Digestive diseases and sciences. 2020 Jul;65(7):1917-31. Talebi Bezmin Abadi A. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori using invasive and noninvasive approaches. Journal of pathogens. 2018 May 22;2018. Wanamaker R, Grimm I. Encyclopedia of gastroenterology. Gastroenterology. 2004 Oct 1;127(4):1274-5.