Diagnostic agents

Diagnostic agents-used to detect impaired function of the body organs OR to detect abnormalities in tissue structure

a) Water soluble contrast media
eg. phosphate or citrate buffer
b) Water insoluble contrast media
eg. Propyliodone, Iopanoic acid.
To test kidney function eg. Indigotindisulphonate (Indigo carmine)
b) To test liver function eg. Sulphobromophthalein Sodium.
c) Miscellaneous eg. Florescein Sodium, Evens blue, Congo red.

1. Presentation on DIAGNOSTIC DRUGS Presentation By D. B. Somavanshi [ Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department ] SVS INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, MUNGSE

2. 2. Agent used to test organ functions:- a) To test kidney function eg . Indigotindisulphonate (Indigo carmine) b) To test liver function eg . Sulphobromophthalein Sodium. c) Miscellaneous eg . Florescein Sodium, Evens blue, Congo red. This are the compound used to detect impaired function of the body organs OR to detect abnormalities in tissue structure. These are thus useful in clinical diagnosis of disease. They have no therapeutic value. DIAGNOSTIC DRUGS The Diagnostic agents are classifiable as follow : 1. Radiopaques ( X- ray contrast media):- Water soluble contrast media eg . phosphate or citrate buffer b) Water insoluble contrast media eg . Propyliodone , I opanoic acid.

3. The agent are given orally or i.v . They are used to: a) In uroghraphy – To examine kidney b) In Cholecyctography – To examine gall bladder c) In Roentgenography – To visualise parts of body like alimentary canal, urinary tract, Biliary tract, Blood vessel, etc. the agents are introduced by mechanical means. eg . introduced by catheter into urinary tract through urethral orifice. 1. Radiopaques ( X- ray contrast media):- Radiopaque agents have an ability to absorb X-rays i.e. Opaque to X-ray radiation.Hence they produce lighter or whiter shadow on X-ray film. In 1924, Iodine was observed to be opaque to X-ray. But inorganic iodine compound which are ionised that is they are toxic. So iodinated organic compound are used because they are less toxic. Iodinated organic compounds are administered by two ways: 1. In systemic procedure - 2 . In Retrograde procedure –

4. a) Water soluble contrast media:- Contain pharmaceutical buffer like phosphate or citrate buffer & sequestering agent. They are mainly used for urography (examination of ureter kidney) and angiography ( examination of arterial system) b) Water insoluble contrast media:- Agents are practically insoluble in water and hence their suspension are prepared . eg .Propyliodone , I opanoic acid. They are mainly used for cholecystography (examination of liver, gall bladder) and Bronchography (examination of bronchial tract)

5. PROPYLIODONE :- Chemistry:- It is propyl acetate derivative in which hydrogen of Alpha carbon atom is replaced by 3,5-diodo,4-oxo,1,4-dihydropyridine-1-yl group. Properties :- White crystalline powder, odourless . It is slightly soluble in water. When it is heated with conc. Sulphuric acid, violet vapours of iodine are evolved. Storage - Store in well closed, light resistance containers. Uses - It is a contrast media used in bronchography . IOPANOIC ACID :- Chemistry:- It is butyric acid derivative in which H atom of carbon is replaced by 3-amino,2,4,6-tri-iodo benzyl group. Properties- White coloured powder, odourless , tasteless. When it is heated strongly, violet vapour of iodine are produced. Due to presence of aromatic primary amino group, it undergoes diazotization and coupling reaction to give deep orange red ppt. Storage- Store in well closed, light resistance containers. Uses - It is a contrast media used in radiography of gall bladder.

6. Points SULPHOBROMOPHTHALEIN SODIUM INDIGOTINDISULPHONATE (INDIGO CARMINE) EVANS BLUE (AZOVAN BLUE) CONGO RED FLUORESCEIN SODIUM State Solid Solid Solid Solid Solid Colour White Purpulish blue bluish green or brown Reddish brown Orange red Odour Odurless Odurless Odurless Odurless Odurless Taste Bitter taste - - - Tasteless Solubility Soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol Sparingly soluble in water Soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol soluble in water soluble in water S & S S I W C L R C S I W C L R C S I W C L R C S I W C L R C S I W C L R C Uses To test functional capacity of liver. To test kidney function To localised ureteral catheterisation To identify severe ureter fistulous communications. To determine Blood volume. To detect Amyloidosis (Deposition of amyloid in tissue) To detecting lesions & forein bodies. For investigation of circulatory disorders For differentiation of normal and malignant tissue

7. Thank you 7