DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS SRIRAM.pptx

INTRODUCTION :

Diagnostic agents are the substances used to examine the body in order to detect impairment of its normal functions. Usually these agents find no other use in medicine.
Diagnostic agents are divided according to the use as
drugs used as X-ray contrast media
drugs used to test organ functions
drugs used to determine blood volume and haemopoietic function and
drugs used for miscellaneous agents.

1. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS BY SRIRAM THIRUNAVUKKARASU, PHARM.D, PGP COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, NAMAKKAL

2. INTRODUCTION : Diagnostic agents are the substances used to examine the body in order to detect impairment of its normal functions. Usually these agents find no other use in medicine. Diagnostic agents are divided according to the use as drugs used as X-ray contrast media drugs used to test organ functions drugs used to determine blood volume and haemopoietic function and drugs used for miscellaneous agents.

3. DRUGS USED IN X-RAY CONTRAST MEDIA : Any substance which when administered to a patient improves the visualization of an organ or tissue is called a contrast media. Having property of opacifying X-ray radiations Either inorganic as well as organic

4. CLASSIFICATION:

5. IODINATED ORGANIC COMPOUND: -Most widely used -Tetra iodo-phenolphthalein was 1 st agent -Amount of iodine is important for opacity Water soluble contrast media: Eg: Diatrizoate sodium, Diatrizoate meglumine, Sodium iothalamate, Metrizoic acid, Iodipamide, Ipodate sodium, Iodohippurate sodium. Mainly used for urography & angiography Administered by retrograde method (i.e. By mechanical means) Mild toxicity

6. Diatrizoate sodium: Sodium salt of substituted triiodo benzoic acid Iodine content: 62% Used for angiography & urography Also available as meglumine salt Sodium Iothalamate: Structural isomer of diatrizoic acid One actamide (CH CONH-) group replaced by methyl carbamoyl (-CONHCH)group Available as meglumine salt Used in angiography Chem. Name: sodium 3-acetamido-2,4,6-triiodo- 5-(methyl carbamoyl)benzoate   3,5-Bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid sodium;3-acetamido-2,4,6-triiodo-5-(methyl carbamoyl)benzoate

7. b) Water insoluble contrast media: Eg: Iopanoic acid, Propyliodone, Iophendylate, Iocetamic acid, Iodoxamide. very slightly water soluble, mainly used for cholecystography, bronchography and myelography, patient should not drink or eat before Six hrs. Iopanoic acid: 3-amino- α- ethyl-2,4,6-triiodobenzenepropanoic acid

8. A ccording to their test functionalities as : Gall bladder function, cholecystography and cholangiography: eg : Iocetamic acid, Iodipamide, Tyropanoate sodium. Gastric function: eg : Pentagastrin, Congored. Liver function: eg. Indocyanine green. Ophthalmic diagnostic aid: eg. Fluorescein sodium. Pancreatic function: eg. Bentiromide. Intestinal function: eg. Barium sulfate, Xylose. Kidney function: eg. Aminohippurate sodium, Indigotin disulfonate, Phenolsulphophthalein. Lymphatic system: eg. Isosulfan blue. Bronchial airway hyperacidity: eg. Methacholine. Drug – hyper sensitivity: eg. Benzyl penicilloyl polylysine. Drugs used in X- ray contrast medium: eg. Diatriazoic acid, Iocetamic acid, Iothalamic acid, Propyliodone. Miscellaneous: eg. Erythrosin sodium, Evans blue.

9. Gastric Function Congo Red Congo Red is the sodium salt of benzidinediazo-bis-1-naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid; a diazo dye that is red in alkaline solution and blue in acid solution  SYNTHESIS:

10. Gall Bladder Function: Tyropanoate Sodium Use: It is an oral radio - opaque agent used in cholecystography.

11. Iocetamic acid: Use: It is an oral cholecystographic agent used for radiographic visualization of gall bladder.

12. Liver Function A. Indocyanine Green Use: It is used to determine cardiac output, hepatic function and liver blood flow. It is also used to measure plasma volume and regional blood flow in various organs including kidney, eye and lungs.

13. Ophthalmic Diagnostic Aids A. Fluorescein Sodium Use: It is used in ophthalmic practice for detecting corneal lesions and foreign bodies in the eyes. Pancreatic Function Bentiromide Bentiromide is a peptide used  as a screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy

14. THANK YOU…..