DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION.pptx

Representation of any numerical data by using diagrams is known as diagrammatic representation. Diagrammatic data representations give a simple and easy understanding of any numerical data collected as compared with the tabular form of the data or textual form of the data.

1. DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION A.JEEVARATHINAM ASSISTANT PROFESSOR V.V.VANNIAPERUMAL COLLEGE FOR WOMEN VIRUDHUNAGAR

2. INTRODUCTION A diagram is a visual form for presenting statistical data for highlighting the basic facts and relationship which are inherent in the data. It attracts the attention and it is a quicker way of grasping the results saving the time. They are more attractive and easier to understand. Diagrams are an essential operational tool for the presentation of statistical data. They are objects, mainly geometrical figures such as lines, circles, bars, etc.

3. DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION MEANING Representation of any numerical data by using diagrams is known as diagrammatic representation. Diagrammatic data representations give a simple and easy understanding of any numerical data collected as compared with the tabular form of the data or textual form of the data. The diagrammatic representation of data is a method used in the analysis and exploration of information with the help of diagrams. This also includes the use of color, layout, and shape to encode data. The aim is to make complex information more accessible and easy to understand for everyone.

4. RULES FOR MAING A DIAGRAM A diagram should be neatly drawn and attractive. The measurements of geometrical figures used in diagram should be accurate and proportional. The size of the diagrams should match the size of the paper. Every diagram must have a suitable but short heading. The scale should be mentioned in the diagram. Diagrams should be neatly as well as accurately drawn with the help of Drawing instruments. Index must be given for identification so that the reader can easily make out the meaning of the diagram. Footnote must be given at the bottom of the diagram. Economy in cost and energy should be exercised in drawing diagram

5. TYPES OF DIAGRAM One Dimensional Diagrams or Bar Diagrams Two Dimensional Diagrams Pie Diagrams Pictogram Cartogram

6. ONE DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAMS One- dimensional diagram means a diagram which has only one dimension or it is representing its qualitative or quantitative property in only one dimension. Only the length of the lines or bars matters and not the width. They are simplest and easiest one. The following are the main types Line diagram Simple bar diagram Multiple bar diagram Subdivided bar diagram Percentage subdivided bar diagram

7. LINE DIAGRAM U se the line that connects the points or portions of the various data in the graph by taking two variables on horizontal and vertical axes. The data's are plotted as points. The points are joined by the lines . There is an equal gap between different lines.

8. SIMPLE BAR DIAGRAM In the bar diagrammatic representation of data, the data can be represented by rectangular bars. The height of the bars gives the value or frequency of the variable. All rectangular bars should have equal width. This is one of the best-used tools for the comparison of the data.

9. MULTIPLE BAR DIAGRAM These diagrams are used for representing two or more sets of inter-related data. This is helpful in making the comparison of the values relating to different variables in a set and a comparison of the values of the same variable over of given period of time.

10. SUBDIVIDED BAR DIAGRAM A sub-divided bar diagram is used to present data having 2 or more components . Simple bar diagram is first drawn with the length of the bars proportional to the totals of the component parts and then it is sub divided into parts of length proportional to the component magnitudes and each part given a different color or shading.

11. PERCENTAGE SUBDIVIDED BAR DIAGRAM In this the component parts are expressed as the percentages of the total and a component bar diagram is drawn with all bars having equal length .

12. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SUBDIVIDED BAR DIAGRAM AND PERCENTAGE SUBDIVIDED BAR DIAGRAM

13. TWO DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAMS In geometry, a two-dimensional shape can be defined as a flat plane figure or a  shape  that has two dimensions – length and width.  Two-dimensional or 2-D shapes do not have any thickness and can be measured in only two faces.  In two-dimensional diagrams the length as well as the width of the bars is considered. Thus the area of the bars represents the given two-way classified data. Two dimensional diagrams are also known as surface diagrams or area diagrams. So , two dimensional diagrams are also known as “Area Diagrams.” The following are the types of two dimensional diagrams: ( i ) Rectangles (ii) Squares (iii) Circles

14. TWO DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAMS - Rectangles This form is quite popular. In rectangles diagram given numerical figures are represented by areas of the rectangles. So, rectangles diagram is drawn by taking one of the two variables as lengths and another variable as breadths of the rectangles along two axes.

15. TWO DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAMS - Rectangles

16. TWO DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAMS - Squares The method of drawing a square diagram is very simple. One has to take the square-root of the values of various items that are to be shown in the diagrams and then select a suitable scale to draw the squares. C annot use a rectangular diagram when the values of the items greatly vary. the data are represented in squares with equal length and width.

17. TWO DIMENSIONAL DIAGRAMS - Circles Circles can be used in all those cases in which squares are used. Circles are difficult to compare and as such are not very popular in statistical work. When it is necessary to use circles, they should be compared on an area basis rather than on a diameter basis, as the diameter basis is very misleading. Compared to rectangles, circles are more difficult to construct and interpret.

18. PIE DIAGRAMS The Pie diagram is a circular diagram. A circle which has 360° is divided into different sectors. Angles of the sectors, subtending at the center, are proportional to the magnitudes of the frequency of the components. When a circle is sub-divided into various component sectors, it is called a Pie diagram . The pie diagram shows the relative changes in data and represents each component in a percentage manner.

19. PICTOGRAM Pictograms are very popularly used in presenting statistical data. They are not abstract presentations such as lines or bars but really depict the kind of data we are dealing with. Representation of numerical figures using pictures, then the diagram is called pictogram. They look really attractive but they are difficult to create.

20. CARTOGRAM The alternative term for a cartogram is a map diagram. By using a map diagram we can represent data related to a country or geographical area. They are meant to represent types of characteristics such as Density of population, Crop yield and Amount of rainfall.

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