Dialysis.

Dialysis

1. DIALYSIS GM SIDDIQUI CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR/STAFF NURSE THE KIDNEY CENTER PGTI

2. Dialysis Is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood and is used primarily as an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with kidney failure Overview The function of your kidneys is to purify your body by removing waste and excess fluid. Dialysis is a treatment used for people whose kidneys don't work properly. It's a common treatment that has been used for people with kidney problems since the 1940s.

3. Purpose of Dialysis A properly functioning kidney helps prevent salt, extra water, and waste from accumulating in your body. It also helps control blood pressure and regulates important chemicals in the blood, such as sodium (salt) and potassium. When your kidneys don't perform these functions due to disease or injury, dialysis can help purify the blood and remove waste.

4. Types. There are two different types of dialysis: Hemodialysis Peritoneal dialysis

5. Hemodialysis involves using an artificial kidney, known as a hemodialyzer, to remove waste and chemicals from the blood. It accesses the blood through a minor surgical procedure in the arm or leg, or through a plastic tube in the neck called a catheter.

6. Peritoneal Dialysis involves the surgical implantation of a catheter into your stomach area. During treatment, a special fluid called dialystate is pumped into the abdomen where it draws waste out of the bloodstream.

7. The length of treatment depends on the patient's size, the levels of waste in their body, and whether hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is used. Typical hemodialysis treatments last about four hours and are needed about three times a week. Peritoneal dialysis can be done at home, at work, or during sleep, depending on the style of treatment your doctor recommends.

8. Risks Dialysis carries several risks, although many can be avoided through proper procedure and careful use of equipment. Risks associated with dialysis include: Bleeding at the access site Low blood pressure Irregular heartbeat Infection Nausea Air bubbles in the blood

9. There are other long-term risks associated with dialysis. One of the most common is called dialysis dementia, a neurological syndrome caused by aluminum compounds in the dialysis fluid. Symptoms of dialysis dementia include seizures and physical and speech problems. If you experience any of these symptoms during dialysis treatment, notify your doctor to discuss options and ways to lower your risks.

10. Routes For Hemodialysis . Dialysis Catheter . Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula Arteriovenous (AV) Graft

11. Dialysis Catheter . A dialysis catheter is a catheter used for exchanging blood to and from the hemodialysis machine from the patient. The dialysis catheter contains two lumens: Venous Arterial

12. This is a confusing terminology for layperson, because both lumens are in the vein. The arterial lumen (typically red) withdraws blood from the patient and carries it to dialysis machine, while the venous lumen (typically blue) returns blood to the patient (from the dialysis machine). Flow rates of dialysis catheters range between 200 to 500 ml/min .

13. Arteriovenous (AV) Graft For Hemodialysis An Arteriovenous (AV) graft is created by connecting a vein to an artery using a soft plastic tube. After the graft has healed, hemodialysis is performed by placing two needles; one in the arterial side and one in the venous side of the graft. The graft allows for increased blood flow. Grafts tend to need attention and upkeep. Taking good care of your access may limit problems.

14. Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula for Hemodialysis A fistula used for hemodialysis is a direct connection of an artery to a vein. Once the fistula is created it is a natural part of the body. This is the preferred type of access because once the fistula properly matures and gets bigger and stronger; it provides an access with good blood flow that can last for decades. After the fistula is surgically created, it can take weeks to months before the fistula matures and is ready to be used for hemodialysis. People with kidney disease can do exercises including squeezing a rubber ball to strengthen the fistula before use.