Dialysis Systems.pptx by prajwal kalakeri

dialysis system

1. Dialysis Systems

2. INTRODUCTION Dialysis (from Greek dialusis , meaning dissolution , dia , meaning through , and lysis , meaning loosening or splitting ) is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood, and is used primarily as an arti f icial repla c em e nt for lo s t ki d n e y fun c tion in p e o ple with renal failure.

3. DEFINITION Dialysis is an artificial process used to remove water and waste substances from the blood when the kidneys fail to function properly. It generally works through osmosis and filtration of fluid across a semipermeable membrane with the use of a dialysate. Dialysis is the procedure used to correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances and to remove waste products in renal failure.

4. PRINCIPLE Dr.WillemKolff, a dutchphysician ,constructed the first working dialyzer in1943. Dialysis works on a principles of the diffusion of solutes and ultrafiltration of fluid across a semipermeable membrane. Blood flows by one side of semi-permeable membrane , and a dialysateor dialysis fuild, flows by opposite side.

5. T he first "artificial kidney”

6. TYPES 1] Hemodialysis: Hemodialysis is a treatment to filter wastes and water from your blood, as your kidneys did when they were healthy. Hemodialysis helps control blood pressure and balance important minerals, such as potassium, sodium, and calcium, in your blood. 2] Peritoneal Dialysis: It is a treatment for kidney failure that uses the lining of your abdomen, or belly, to filter your blood inside your body.

7. Hemodialysis In hemodialysis, the patient's blood is pumped through the blood compartment of a dialyzer,exposing it to a partially permeable membrane. Blood flows through the fibers,dialysis solution flows around the outside of the fibers, and water and wastes move between these two solutions. Filtration is done by applying a negative pressure to the dialy sate compartment of the dialyzer. This pressure gradient causes water and dissolved solutes to move from blood to dialysate.

8. Advantages & Disadvantages Low mortality rate. Better control of blood pressure and abdominal cramps. Less diet restriction. Better solute clearance effect for the daily hemodialysis. Restricts independence. Requires supplies such as high water quality and electricity. Requires reliable technology. Requires time to set up and cleandialysis machine.

9. Peritoneal Dialysis In peritoneal dialysis, a sterile solution containing glucose is run through a tube into the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneal membrane acts as a semi-permeablemembrane. Ultrafiltration occurs via osmosis the dialysis solution used contains a high concentration of glucose, and the resulting osmotic pressure causes fluid to move from the blood into the dialysate

10. Advantages & Disadvantages Flexible lifestyle and independence. Therapy resembles natural functioning of the kidney Need not travel to a dialysis centre for treatment Therapy can be done while sleeping and travelling. Treatment to be done seven days a week at regular intervals. Requires a permanent catheter outsidethe body. high risk of infection. Weight gain Requires storage space at home

11. Steps In Dialysis PRE-DIALYSIS: There are many models of dialysis machines, but typically in modern machines there will be a computer, CRT, a pump,and facility for disposable tubing and filters. The filters are cylindrical,clear plastic outside withthe filter material visible inside The pump does not directly contact theblood. Characteristic of dialysis machines are that most of the blood out of the patients body at any given time is visible. This facilitates troubleshooting, particularly detection of clotting

12. The patient arrives and is carefully weighed. Standing and sitting blood pressures are taken. Access is set up , for patients with a fistula , this means inserting two large gauge needles into the fistula. Fistulas are widely considered the desirable way to get access for hemodialysis, but they take time to setup.

13. During Dialysis The pump and a timer are started.  Blood pressure is taken periodically. Most dialysis patients are on moderate to severe fluid restrictive diet since kidney failure usually includes an inability to properly regulate fluid levels in the body.

14. Post Dialysis In this the patient is disconnected from the plumbing -blood lines . Needle wounds are bandaged with gauze, held for up to 1 hour with direct pressure to stop bleeding, and then taped in place.  Temperature, standing and sitting blood pressure, and weight are all measured again.