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1. Hegemonic psychology as an ideologising device: Critical views around the Peruvian political crisis in the context of hybrid government 2022-2023 SVIETA VALIA FERNÁNDEZ GONZÁLEZ Orcid: 0000-0002-2140-726X LUIS ALBERTO TAYPE HUARCA Centro de Investigación Psicológica histórico-cultural Universidad Católica de Santa María

2. THEMATIC AGENDA RESEARCH SOCIAL SCENARIO PREDOMINANT POSITIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY METHODOLOGY CONSTRUCTIVE-INTERPRETATIVE CRITICAL ANALYSIS CONCLUSIONS AND THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS

3. RESEARCH SOCIAL SCENARIO On December 7th, after several attempts in a slow coup process (Diaz, 2020) against Pedro Castillo, his fall was consolidated and with it, the assumption of Dina Boluarte (elect vice president) as president of Peru. This fact generated a series of protest actions that triggered the paralysis of various activities around the country.

4. RESEARCH SOCIAL SCENARIO Political crisis that worsens in 2016 Presidential vacancy as a speech to make interests prevail Elites that govern Peru Terrorism Classism Racism So the triumph of Pedro Castillo represented a staging not only of the Peruvian left, but also the arrival to institutional power of a representative from the countryside, who brought with him the demands of the people.

5. Hegemonic Psychology Political subjects are built in historical struggles, which is a matter of power and appropriation of their own common senses. We decide what we are even when we let others decide, as in the case of psychology, which is often given the role of labeling and stigmatizing subjects. It is thus that psychology becomes a device of the system and operates through science to operate through the subjects. The most transformative way is to politicize psychology and wrest it from the human sciences; However, many times the premise from the psychological point of view has been to discredit politics, making coaching or psychotherapy appear as the only liberalizing means, with the typical phrase the revolution begins with oneself, which is correlated with carrying out a psychologization of social problems. where resilience, empathy, resentment, and self-control are considered as absolute explanations of what happens in individual subjectivities

6. METHODOLOGY In the present review of the hegemonic positions, we do it under the epistemological lens of the study of subjectivity from a cultural-historical perspective, which considers it necessary to understand and analyze their social relations on the socio-historical and cultural particularity of the individual. In this process, the configurational character of subjectivity entwined in symbolic-emotional fabrics stands out. (González Rey and Mitjans , 2016)

7. PREDOMINANT POSITIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY JORGE YAMAMOTO- SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGIST/ 21th February “Peruvians with low interest in the compartment and low interest in civic levels” “People who do not believe in anyone, with meaningless actions, people with a high level of resentment.” “Incited annoyance that was contagious and that has financing in mafias” “The destroyers look for villains to make their interests prevail like the new constitution” “When psychology is applied to sports, it's about raising testosterone... If I invade a highway and I'm successful, then my testosterone rises and that can encourage me and add more people” Justifying the actions of the police “Destructive people are not going to change with psychotherapy or electric shock, much less with dialogue.”

8. PREDOMINANT POSITIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY gt In this part , the non- prioritization of the mental health of the population is placed, reducing the situation to a problem of this nature .

9. PREDOMINANT POSITIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY We drastically condemn barbarism and abuse wherever they come from, since these violent behaviors are very serious, producing emotional instability, anxiety, depression, trauma, psychological injuries, stress, among other manifestations, in a large part of the population; Therefore, all forms of violence must cease immediately, since it violates the Rule of Law, Human Rights and Democracy. We call on the political class, the authorities and the protesters to respect LIFE, and above all, we ask the forces of order to guarantee and protect the rights of all people, and we call on the general public to be cautious , maintain serenity, give a truce, encourage the promotion of health and social peace, stressing that the right to protest and our freedom of expression must be developed within the canons of respect for democracy and the rule of law because Outside of this, risks may appear and imply inappropriate use outside the framework of reasonableness. We reiterate that we distance ourselves from political entities since our main objective wa s, is and will continue to be to promote mental health and psychological well-being in our beloved nation, so if necessary we offer ourselves to the authorities and residents of Puno as mediators in this great social conflict to be participants in dialogue tables and social psychological intervention to achieve an improvement in the current scenario

10. CONSTRUCTIVE-INTERPRETATIVE CRITICAL ANALYSIS The neutralization and annulment of the agency capacity of the subjects, by making their indignation invisible and numb. Psychologization of social problems either in accordance with the dominant discourse or by naturalization of the same discourse. The tendentious institutional depoliticization that occurs intentionally and unintentionally since it is naturalized in the psychologist's training. Violence seen in moral terms and the absence of a structural, historical analysis of it. Lack of rigor to carry out the analyzes without presenting solid arguments and only relying on claims. The use of psychological terminology to validate the official political discourse of that moment, managed by the president and some ministers. Equivalence of violence, existence of an asymmetry of power in favor of the forces of institutional order; This is seen when "violence comes from wherever it comes" is condemned, with more than 60 civilian deaths. The annulment of the subjects taking away their capacity for agency and organization, in the discourse they are always destroyers that are manipulated, there is no belief in a legitimate indignation The surprising biologist reading in some cases of a social psychologist who ends up seeing the Protestant as alienated. There is no social-historical analysis from this point.

11. CONCLUSION AND THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS The theoretical assemblies that are deduced from the constructive-interpretative analysis that are elaborated to explain the context, apart from being not very rigorous, have a moralizing connotation in terms of power, the fact of making the agency of citizens invisible and highlighting the normative order ( good bad). Psychologist discourse denies the possibility of subverting the order of hegemonic thought; because it directs the researchers' work towards the recoding of what has already been coded; Consequently, it prevents the definition of the psychological, and particularly in the reality of the Peruvian crisis, it is combined with political positions that seek validation through psychology. It is necessary to include in the training and in the exercise of psychology to consider the difference as a principle of constitution of the community; that is, to think of it as a space of political, social, historical, cultural and economic confluence synthesized in the psychological. The construction of the Subject never culminates in the organization of a perfectly protected psychological, social and cultural space.

12. FINAL QUOTE The victims, excluded from the community of life and hegemonic communication, by becoming aware of its situation of victims, questioning each other - also with the participation of the critical organic intellectual constitute a critical community in which discursively support a negative judgment (everyday, from experts and with collaboration of social science and critical philosophy) of the system that has caused them and elaborate a utopian alternative possible, real, historical (Dussel, 2001, p. 83)

13. GRACIAS SVIETA VALIA FERNÁNDEZ GONZÁLEZ [email protected] 2. LUIS ALBERTO TAYPE HUARCA