Diet and Nutrition.pptx

PowerPoint on diet and nutrition

1. Dr Santosh Mahajan ( Prof. and Head ) Deptt Biochemistry

2. Does diet and nutrition mean the same?

3. Origin of the word Diet The word diet actually comes from the Greek word “ diaita ,” which means “Way of Life.”

4. Definition of diet Diet is defined as The Sum of the food / drinks habitually consumed by a person or a group daily and also the mental and physical circumstances connected to eating . Diet varies between different countries in the world . a healthy / balanced / varied diet Rice is the staple diet (= most important food ) of many people in China . The children seem to exist on a diet of fried food .

5. Meaning of the word diet It has different meaning As noun : 1 kinds of food that a person, animal, or community habitually eats. eg ”a vegetarian diet” 2 A particular selection of food designed or prescribed to improve person’s physical condition or to loose or gain weight. eg diet low in sugar, fat, carories , high protein diet, liquid diet,, ketogenic diet, etc As a verb : dieting (restriction of food intake to loose weight)

6. For many people, diet means following a specific food plan to lose weight . Once the weight is lost, they go back to their old eating habits

7. Types of diet Healthy diet unhealthy diet and it depends upon The way it is cooked, stored, and the type of nutrients it has

8. Healthy diet Diet containing milk and milk products, whole grains, pulses, fruits, fibrous food and food low in cholesterol constitutes the healthy diet.

9. Unhealthy diet Sugary drinks, pizza, white bread, fruits juices(due to more sugar) , cakes, fried, overcooked and undercooked food constitute unhealthy food.

10. Classification of food Food is divided into two categories on the basis of its origin as Animal food Plant food

11. Definition of Nutrition Basic definition : The process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism, and repair. It involves more than simply eating a “good” diet —it is about nourishment on every level. Scietific definition: Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food to support its life. It includes ingestion, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion. The science that studies the physiological process of nutrition is called nutritional science

12. Nutrients nutrient, are the substance that an organism must obtain from its surroundings for growth and the sustenance of life. Two types nonessential nutrients : that can be synthesized by the cell if they are absent from the food . Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized within the cell and must be present in the food. In some animals, microorganisms living in the gut may synthesize essential nutrients, which are then released into the bloodstream. In most living organisms, nutrients provide not only the energy necessary for certain vital processes but also the various materials from which all structural and functional components can be assembled.

13. Types of nutrients There are more than 40 different kinds of nutrients in food and these are generally classified into the following 7 major groups: Carbohydrates Proteins. Fats. Vitamins. Minerals. Dietary fibre . Water

14. Macro and micro nutrients Carbohydrates , proteins, fats, and fibers constitutes macro nutrients Vitamins and minerals constitutes the micro nutrients Dietary fats are divided in to two groups Visible fat : present in ghee, butter and salad oils Invisible fat : found in milk, fish, nuts ,fried foods etc.

15. It should be a balanced, well planned diet containing all essential nutrients. The diet should be simple, locally available, palatable and digestible. Adequate protein content with essential amino acids should be supplied. This is achieved by a cereal-pulse mixture with additional animal proteins, if necessary . Calorie intake should be correct and should balance energy expenditure. Special care should be taken to see that adequate quantity of calcium and iron are obtained from the diet . The absorption of these minerals is reduced by other factors in Indian diet. Should have variety and should not differ very much from the habitual diet of the person. Should provide adequate roughage . Planning of Diet

16. A balanced diet is a diet that contains differing kinds of foods in certain quantities and proportions (as per RDA Values ) so that the requirement for calories, proteins, minerals, vitamins and alternative nutrients is adequate and a small provision is reserved for additional nutrients to endure the short length of leanness.

17. RDA for the nutrients The average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals in a group is known as the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of food component

18. Factors affecting RDA/ food requirement The RDA is dependent on 1. the individual varibility ( Age, weight, height and physical activity) 2. the bioavailability of the nutrient in habitual diet 3. Special demands are made during conditions such as pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood diseased state when individual needs increased body building/ protective food

19. RDA for food stuff/day for adults Carbohydrates 400g Proteins 60g Fats 70g Vitamins A 1000 retinol equivalent (5000IU for adult male), 800 RE (4000IU for adult females) 1 RE= 1 μ g retinol; 6 μ g β carotene, 12 μ g other carotenoids 1 IU = 0.3 μ g of retinol D 5 μ g E 10 mg K 70-140 μ g B1 1- 1.5 mg B2 1.2 -1.7mg B3 15- 20 mg B6 Biotin (B7) 100-200 μ g Pantothenic acid 5-10 mg Folic acid 100 μ g (300 μ g durind pregnancy, 150 μ g during lactation) B12 0.5-1.5 μ g (4 μ g during pregnancy and lactation) Vitamin C 60-70 mg

20. RDA for Minerals Calcium 800-1200 mg Phosphorus 800-1200 mg Iron 10 mg

21. Caloric requirement for Indians by Nutrition Expert Group constituted by ICMR

22. Energy requirement for a person (55kg doing moderate activity is calculated by taking into account BMR of the person SDA( specific dyanamic action) of the food Physical activity of the person E (kcal/day) = BMR+ SDA+ Physical activity

23. BMR BMR (basal metabolic rate )= (1kcal/kg/h) The minimum amount of energy required to maintain life at complete physical and mental state of rest in the post absorptive state In males 1600cal/day Females 1400 cal/day A BMR value between -15% and + 20% is considered normal And is

24. BMR Increases during hyperthyroidism, Fever , infections, cardiac failure, diabetes mellitus, Polycythemia Decreases during Starvation, Hypothyroidism addison diease

25. SDA (specific dyanamic action) of food Extra heat produced over and above the calculated caloric values when a given food is metabolized by the body . It is the energy required for digestion , absorption, transport, metabolism and storage . It is called the thermogenic action of the food It is different for different food components SDA for protein 30% SDA for carbohydrates 5% SDA for lipids 10% For mixed diet 10% Thus while planning diet 10% extra calories are added towards SDA Higher value of protein indicates that protein is not the good source of energy but taken during winters to protect from cold

26. Calculation for Energy requirement for a person/day (55kg doing moderate activity)

27. Classification of carbohydrates